Variables | Demographic Characteristics and hypertension prevalence | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2011 wave | 2013 wave | 2015 wave | 2018 wave | |||||
Total | Hypertension | Total | Hypertension | Total | Hypertension | Total | Hypertension | |
Total | 16,970 | 4283 (25.2%) | 17,557 | 5180 (29.5%) | 16,102 | 4810 (29.9%) | 19,732 | 6496 (32.9%) |
Age (years) | ||||||||
45–54 | 6144 (36.2%) | 1046 (17.0%) | 5801 (33.0%) | 1155 (19.9%) | 5398 (33.5%) | 960 (17.8%) | 5665 (29.6%) | 1168 (20.6%) |
55–64 | 6282 (37.0%) | 1666 (26.5%) | 6513 (37.1%) | 1959 (30.1%) | 5496 (34.1%) | 1668 (30.3%) | 6260 (32.7%) | 2033 (32.5%) |
65–74 | 3087 (18.2%) | 1039 (33.7%) | 3542 (20.2%) | 1386 (39.1%) | 3590 (22.3%) | 1466 (40.8%) | 4935 (25.8%) | 2091 (42.4%) |
75 and above | 1457 (8.6%) | 532 (36.5%) | 1701 (9.7%) | 680 (40.0%) | 1618 (10.0%) | 716 (44.3%) | 2285 (11.9%) | 1063 (46.5%) |
\({\chi }^{2}\) | 439.3*** | 505.2*** | 742.8*** | 775.9*** | ||||
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 8288 (48.8%) | 1959 (23.6%) | 8504 (48.4%) | 2403 (28.3%) | 7770 (48.3%) | 2206 (28.4%) | 9304 (47.2%) | 3037 (32.6%) |
Female | 8682 (51.2%) | 2324 (26.8%) | 9053 (51.6%) | 2777 (30.7%) | 8332 (51.7%) | 2604 (31.3%) | 10,428 (52.8%) | 3459 (33.2%) |
\({\upchi }^{2}\) | 22.0*** | 12.3*** | 15.7*** | 0.6 | ||||
Marital status | ||||||||
Married or Partnered | 13,586 (80.1%) | 3364 (24.8%) | 14,206 (80.9%) | 4097 (28.8%) | 13,023 (80.9%) | 3764 (28.9%) | 16,800 (85.1%) | 5285 (31.5%) |
Unmarried and Others | 3383 (19.9%) | 918 (27.1%) | 3351 (19.1%) | 1083 (32.3%) | 3078 (19.1%) | 1045 (34.0%) | 2932 (14.9%) | 1211 (41.3%) |
\({\upchi }^{2}\) | 8.1** | 15.8*** | 30.3*** | 109.6*** | ||||
Education | ||||||||
Primary school and below | 11,301 (66.6%) | 2908 (25.7%) | 11,615 (66.2%) | 3554 (30.6%) | 10,919 (67.9%) | 3300 (30.2%) | 12,923 (65.5%) | 4413 (34.1%) |
Secondary school | 5302 (31.3%) | 1263 (23.8%) | 5585 (31.8%) | 1511 (27.1%) | 4824 (30.0%) | 1397 (29.0%) | 6383 (32.3%) | 1949 (30.5%) |
College and above | 361 (2.1%) | 108 (29.9%) | 355 (2.0%) | 114 (32.1%) | 343 (2.1%) | 113 (32.9%) | 426 (2.2%) | 134 (31.5%) |
\({\upchi }^{2}\) | 11.3** | 24.0*** | 4.1 | 25.7*** | ||||
Residence status | ||||||||
Rural | 9774 (57.6%) | 2241 (22.9%) | 10,065 (57.5%) | 2777 (27.6%) | 8424 (55.2%) | 2418 (28.7%) | 11,054 (58.1%) | 3516 (31.8%) |
Urban | 3814 (22.5%) | 1250 (32.8%) | 4060 (23.2%) | 1445 (35.6%) | 3656 (24.0%) | 1231 (33.7%) | 3966 (20.8%) | 1491 (37.6%) |
Rural-to-urban | 3369 (19.9%) | 789 (23.4%) | 3390 (19.4%) | 944 (27.8%) | 3185 (20.9%) | 873 (27.4%) | 4005 (21.1%) | 1316 (32.9%) |
\({\upchi }^{2}\) | 148.3*** | 94.5*** | 39.6*** | 44.4*** | ||||
Health insurance | ||||||||
None | 1119 (6.6%) | 243 (21.7%) | 681 (3.9%) | 178 (26.1%) | 1331 (8.6%) | 390 (29.3%) | 593 (3.0%) | 169 (28.5%) |
UEBMI | 1746 (10.3%) | 587 (33.6%) | 2034 (11.7%) | 724 (35.6%) | 1567 (10.1%) | 527 (33.6%) | 2549 (12.9%) | 934 (36.6%) |
URRBMI | 13,129 (77.7%) | 3165 (24.1%) | 13,825 (79.4%) | 3939 (28.5%) | 11,416 (73.5%) | 3355 (29.4%) | 15,277 (77.4%) | 4965 (32.5%) |
Others | 904 (5.3%) | 270 (29.9%) | 875 (5.0%) | 287 (32.8%) | 1228 (7.9%) | 372 (30.3%) | 1311 (6.6%) | 426 (32.5%) |
\({\upchi }^{2}\) | 91.5*** | 51.4*** | 12.6** | 22.6*** | ||||
Socioeconomic group | ||||||||
Quintile1 (lowest) | 2855 (20.0%) | 671 (23.5%) | 2326 (20.0%) | 669 (28.8%) | 2183 (20.0%) | 638 (29.2%) | 3301 (19.7%) | 1025 (31.1%) |
Quintile2 | 2855 (20.0%) | 649 (22.7%) | 2326 (20.0%) | 663 (28.5%) | 2182 (20.0%) | 629 (28.8%) | 3411 (20.4%) | 1112 (32.6%) |
Quintile3 | 2855 (20.0%) | 726 (25.4%) | 2329 (20.0%) | 633 (27.2%) | 2182 (20.0%) | 585 (26.8%) | 3427 (20.5%) | 1108 (32.3%) |
Quintile4 | 2854 (20.0%) | 735 (25.8%) | 2327 (20.0%) | 690 (29.7%) | 2182 (20.0%) | 669 (30.7%) | 3378 (20.2%) | 1171 (34.7%) |
Quintile5 (highest) | 2853 (20.0%) | 820 (28.7%) | 2322 (20.0%) | 711 (30.6%) | 2181 (20.0%) | 647 (29.7%) | 3224 (19.3%) | 1098 (34.1%) |
\({\upchi }^{2}\) | 33.1*** | 7.5 | 8.5 | 12.5* |