Table 1 Participant characteristics among those who identify as PWUS compared with those who do not identify as part of an equity-deserving group.
From: Emergency department care experiences among people who use substances: a qualitative study
Variable | Identifies as a Person Who Uses Substances (PWUS) (% of N = 246) | Does Not Identify as Equity-Deserving (% of N = 949) | Total Participants (% of N = 1195) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender Identity | 0.0141 | |||
Female | 108 (44%) | 517 (54%) | 625 (52%) | |
Male | 131 (53%) | 411 (43%) | 542 (45%) | |
Non-binary | 1 (0%) | 5 (1%) | 6 (1%) | |
Missing data | 6 (2%) | 16 (2%) | 22 (2%) | |
Age | <0.0001 | |||
< 18 | 6 (2%) | 93 (10%) | 99 (8%) | |
18–25 | 31 (13%) | 93 (10%) | 124 (10%) | |
26–45 | 92 (37%) | 167 (18%) | 259 (22%) | |
46–65 | 49 (20%) | 166 (17%) | 215 (18%) | |
> 65 | 8 (3%) | 153 (16%) | 161 (13%) | |
Missing data | 60 (24%) | 277 (29%) | 337 (28%) | |
If the patient is a person with a disability, which relates most to the story (type of disability)? | <0.0001 | |||
Hearing loss/deafness | 2 (1%) | 11 (1%) | 13 (1%) | |
Low vision/blindness | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (0%) | |
Intellectual Disability | 7 (3%) | 3 (0%) | 10 (1%) | |
Physical Disability | 24 (10%) | 16 (2%) | 40 (3%) | |
Mental Health Disability | 67 (27%) | 14 (1%) | 81 (7%) | |
Other | 10 (4%) | 10 (1%) | 20 (2%) | |
Patient is not a person with a disability | 63 (26%) | 571 (60%) | 634 (53%) | |
Missing data | 73 (30%) | 323 (34%) | 396 (33%) | |
What is patient’s sexual orientation? | <0.0001 | |||
Asexual | 0 (0%) | 3 (0%) | 3 (0%) | |
Bisexual | 36 (15%) | 27 (3%) | 63 (5%) | |
Gay/Lesbian | 4 (2%) | 11 (1%) | 15 (1%) | |
Pansexual | 8 (3%) | 9 (1%) | 17 (1%) | |
Straight | 184 (75%) | 830 (87%) | 1014 (85%) | |
Questioning/unsure | 1 (0%) | 2 (0%) | 3 (0%) | |
Sexual orientation not on this list | 0 (0%) | 2 (0%) | 2 (0%) | |
Missing data | 13 (5%) | 65 (7%) | 78 (7%) | |
Gender diverse | <0.0001 | |||
Yes | 11 (4%) | 4 (0%) | 15 (1%) | |
No | 223 (91%) | 892 (94%) | 1115 (93%) | |
Missing data | 12 (5%) | 53 (6%) | 65 (5%) | |
Frequency With Which Patient Struggles to Make Ends Meet | <0.0001 | |||
Never | 40 (16%) | 524 (55%) | 564 (47%) | |
Rarely | 24 (10%) | 155 (16%) | 179 (15%) | |
Sometimes | 48 (20%) | 131 (14%) | 179 (15%) | |
Often | 32 (13%) | 34 (4%) | 66 (6%) | |
All the time | 95 (39%) | 32 (3%) | 127 (11%) | |
Missing data | 7 (3%) | 73 (8%) | 80 (7%) | |
Where did the shared story take place? | < 0.0001 | |||
Emergency Department | 186 (76%) | 545 (57%) | 731 (61%) | |
Urgent Care Centre | 60 (24%) | 404 (43%) | 464 (39%) | |
Was the story a first-hand or second-hand experience? | < 0.0001 | |||
First-hand personal experience | 222 (90%) | 771 (81%) | 993 (83%) | |
Second-hand experience | 20 (8%) | 171 (18%) | 191 (16%) | |
Other/Missing data | 4 (2%) | 7 (1%) | 11 (1%) | |
How long ago was the shared ED visit? | 0.8845 | |||
0–6 months | 94 (38%) | 316 (33%) | 410 (34%) | |
7–12 months | 28 (11%) | 104 (11%) | 132 (11%) | |
13–18 months | 17 (7%) | 77 (8%) | 94 (8%) | |
19–24 months | 33 (13%) | 123 (13%) | 156 (13%) | |
More than 24 months | 11 (4%) | 42 (4%) | 53 (4%) | |
Not sure/Missing data | 63 (26%) | 287 (30%) | 350 (29%) | |
How often do you think this situation occurs? | 0.0006 | |||
It happens all the time | 100 (41%) | 236 (25%) | 336 (28%) | |
It is somewhat typical | 63 (26%) | 267 (28%) | 330 (28%) | |
It happens from time to time | 35 (14%) | 159 (17%) | 194 (16%) | |
It is very rare | 17 (7%) | 91 (10%) | 108 (9%) | |
Missing Data | 31 (13%) | 196 (21%) | 227 (19%) | |
How did your personal situation, identity, and culture impact the care experience? | <0.0001 | |||
In a very bad way | 56 (23%) | 4 (0%) | 60 (5%) | |
In a bad way | 41 (17%) | 18 (2%) | 59 (5%) | |
It did not impact care | 108 (44%) | 715 (75%) | 823 (69%) | |
In a good way | 14 (6%) | 50 (5%) | 64 (5%) | |
In a very good way | 7 (3%) | 29 (3%) | 36 (3%) | |
Missing data | 20 (8%) | 133 (14%) | 153 (13%) | |
Feelings About the ED Experience | <0.0001 | |||
Positive | 75 (30%) | 550 (58%) | 625 (52%) | |
Negative | 126 (51%) | 242 (26%) | 368 (31%) | |
Mixed positive / negative | 32 (13%) | 79 (8%) | 111 (9%) | |
Missing data | 13 (5%) | 78 (8%) | 91 (8%) | |
Shared Experience About Lack of Respect and/or Judgement | <0.0001 | |||
No | 123 (50%) | 787 (83%) | 910 (76%) | |
Yes | 98 (40%) | 85(9%) | 183 (15%) | |
Missing data | 25 (10%) | 77 (8%) | 102 (9%) | |
Number of EDG groups indicated **Substance use, vulnerably housed, Indigenous, 2SLGBTQ+, ethnic minority, experiencing sexual assault/violence, mental health, disabilities | <0.0001 | |||
0 | 0 (0%) | 949 (100%) | 949 (49%) | |
1 | 38 (15%) | 0 (0%) | 503 (26%) | |
2 | 58 (24%) | 0 (0%) | 223 (11%) | |
3 | 150 (61%) | 0 (0%) | 268 (14%) |