Variable | Brazil | North | Northeast | Southeast | South | Midwest | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
Inpatient healthcare unit category (ref: Public SUS) | ||||||||||||
Public non-SUS | 0.58 | 0.46; 0.74 | 0.38 | 0.13; 1,12 | 0.35 | 0.18; 0.67 | 0.61 | 0.44; 0.84 | 0.65 | 0.34; 1.23 | 0.98 | 0.53; 1.83 |
Private SUS | 0.57 | 0.47; 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.48; 1.54 | 0.51 | 0.34; 0.76 | 0.45 | 0.29; 0.68 | 1.00 | 0.66; 1.51 | 0.55 | 0.39; 0.79 |
Private non-SUS | 0.43 | 0.39; 0.48 | 0.59 | 0.37; 0.94 | 0.43 | 0.32; 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.32; 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.45; 0.80 | 0.52 | 0.38; 0.70 |
Philanthropic SUS | 0.89 | 0.80; 0.98 | 0.69 | 0.39; 1.23 | 0.95 | 0.71; 1.28 | 0.73 | 0.63; 0.85 | 1.19 | 0.97; 1.47 | 1.05 | 0.76; 1.46 |
Philanthropic non-SUS | 0.38 | 0.31; 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.22; 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.38; 2.50 | 0.34 | 0.26; 0.44 | 0.38 | 0.24; 0.59 | 0.33 | 0.18; 0.61 |
Age (ref: 18-39 years) | ||||||||||||
40-49 years | 1.45 | 1.42; 1.48 | 1.65 | 1.54; 1.77 | 1.42 | 1.35; 1.49 | 1.42 | 1.38; 1.46 | 1.48 | 1.41; 1.55 | 1.48 | 1.39; 1.57 |
50-59 years | 2.09 | 2.05; 2.13 | 2.53 | 2.36; 2.71 | 1.99 | 1.91; 2.08 | 2.06 | 2.01; 2.12 | 2.18 | 2.09; 2.28 | 2.02 | 1.91; 2.13 |
60-69 years | 3.45 | 3.39; 3.52 | 4.41 | 4.12; 4.71 | 3.14 | 3.00; 3.28 | 3.42 | 3.33; 3.51 | 3.63 | 3.48; 3.80 | 3.33 | 3.15; 3.52 |
70-79 years | 5.64 | 5.53; 5.74 | 7.09 | 6.62; 7.60 | 4.93 | 4.71; 5.15 | 5.52 | 5.37; 5.66 | 6.62 | 6.32; 6.93 | 5.14 | 4.85; 5.45 |
≥ 80 years | 10.95 | 10.74; 11.17 | 10.96 | 10.18; 11.80 | 8.79 | 8.39; 9.20 | 10.80 | 10.51; 11.10 | 15.19 | 14.46; 15.94 | 9.62 | 9.04; 10.24 |
Male (yes vs. no) | 1.21 | 1.20; 1.22 | 1.16 | 1.12; 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.11; 1.16 | 1.23 | 1.21; 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.20; 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.20; 1.27 |
Race/color (ref: mixed race/white/ Asian/unknown) | ||||||||||||
Black | 1.19 | 1.16; 1.21 | 1.09 | 0.98; 1.22 | 1.26 | 1.18; 1.33 | 1.22 | 1.18; 1.25 | 1.09 | 1.02; 1.16 | 1.12 | 1.03; 1.21 |
Indigenous | 1.18 | 1.06; 1.31 | 1.65 | 1.39; 1.96 | 0.96 | 0.71; 1.29 | 0.67 | 0.51; 0.87 | 1.16 | 0.84; 1.61 | 1.26 | 0.97; 1.65 |
Comorbidities (ref: 0) | ||||||||||||
1 | 1.30 | 1.28; 1.31 | 1.19 | 1.14; 1.24 | 1.27 | 1.24; 1.31 | 1.26 | 1.24; 1.28 | 1.56 | 1.51; 1.61 | 1.34 | 1.29; 1.40 |
2 | 1.49 | 1.47; 1.51 | 1.26 | 1.20; 1.33 | 1.37 | 1.32; 1.41 | 1.46 | 1.43; 1.48 | 1.85 | 1.79; 1.91 | 1.61 | 1.54; 1.68 |
≥ 3 | 1.69 | 1.66; 1.72 | 1.28 | 1.17; 1.40 | 1.41 | 1.35; 1.48 | 1.67 | 1.63; 1.71 | 2.22 | 2.13; 2.32 | 1.86 | 1.75; 1.98 |
Down syndrome (yes vs. no) | 1.18 | 1.09; 1.28 | 1.30 | 0.95; 1.76 | 1.23 | 1.00; 1.50 | 1.29 | 1.15; 1.45 | 1.11 | 0.92; 1.34 | 0.79 | 0.59; 1.07 |
Obesity (yes vs. no) | 1.18 | 1.16; 1.20 | 1.55 | 1.42; 1.69 | 1.10 | 1.05; 1.15 | 1.24 | 1.21; 1.27 | 1.04 | 1.00; 1.08 | 1.27 | 1.20; 1.34 |
Hematologic disease (yes vs. no) | 1.26 | 1.19; 1.32 | 1.04 | 0.80; 1.35 | 1.23 | 1.07; 1.42 | 1.28 | 1.20; 1.37 | 1.32 | 1.18; 1.48 | 1.09 | 0.91; 1.31 |
Hepatic disease (yes vs. no) | 1.66 | 1.59; 1.74 | 1.30 | 1.05; 1.62 | 1.86 | 1.66; 2.08 | 1.69 | 1.58; 1.80 | 1.67 | 1.51; 1.84 | 1.50 | 1.28; 1.75 |
Neurologic disease (yes vs. no) | 1.62 | 1.59; 1.66 | 1.20 | 1.06; 1.37 | 1.41 | 1.32; 1.50 | 1.58 | 1.54; 1.63 | 1.91 | 1.83; 2.00 | 1.35 | 1.24; 1.46 |
Pneumopathy (yes vs. no) | 1.25 | 1.23; 1.28 | 1.32 | 1.16; 1.51 | 1.13 | 1.05; 1.21 | 1.25 | 1.22; 1.29 | 1.25 | 1.19; 1.30 | 1.21 | 1.11; 1.31 |
Kidney disease (yes vs. no) | 1.55 | 1.52; 1.59 | 1.52 | 1.37; 1.69 | 1.59 | 1.50; 1.68 | 1.56 | 1.51; 1.61 | 1.51 | 1.43; 1.59 | 1.56 | 1.45; 1.69 |
Immunodepression (yes vs. no) | 1.98 | 1.93; 2.03 | 1.89 | 1.65; 2.15 | 1.93 | 1.80; 2.08 | 1.92 | 1.85; 2.00 | 2.25 | 2.12; 2.39 | 1.80 | 1.63; 1.99 |
ICU use (yes vs. no) | 3.79 | 3.75; 3.84 | 3.88 | 3.69; 4.08 | 4.33 | 4.21; 4.45 | 3.51 | 3.46; 3.57 | 4.20 | 4.09; 4.32 | 4.62 | 4.46; 4.79 |
Ventilatory support use (ref.: no) | ||||||||||||
Invasive | 8.14 | 8.02; 8.27 | 9.56 | 8.99; 10.17 | 7.83 | 7.55; 8.13 | 7.11 | 6.96; 7.27 | 11.37 | 10.91; 11.84 | 9.83 | 9.38; 10.30 |
Non-invasive | 1.14 | 1.13; 1.15 | 1.07 | 1.02; 1.12 | 0.91 | 0.88; 0.93 | 1.12 | 1.10; 1.14 | 1.64 | 1.58; 1.69 | 1.12 | 1.08; 1.16 |
Length of stay (ref: ≥ 1 day) | ||||||||||||
0 day | 3.76 | 3.65; 3.87 | 3.46 | 3.11; 3.85 | 4.15 | 3.86; 4.47 | 3.59 | 3.45; 3.73 | 4.24 | 3.92; 4.59 | 3.44 | 3.08; 3.84 |
Unknown | 0.19 | 0.18; 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.08; 0.10 | 0.36 | 0.35; 0.38 | 0.12 | 0.11; 0.13 | 0.20 | 0.18; 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.23; 0.28 |
Patient residence city’s HDI (ref: very low/low (<0.600)) | ||||||||||||
Medium (0.600-0.699) | 1.01 | 0.97; 1.04 | 0.99 | 0.91; 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.00; 1.08 | 0.87 | 0.75; 1.00 | 0.54 | 0.36; 0.79 | 1.23 | 0.89; 1.69 |
High (0.700-0.7999) | 0.91 | 0.88; 0.94 | 0.87 | 0.80; 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.86; 0.93 | 0.79 | 0.69; 0.92 | 0.51 | 0.35; 0.75 | 1.18 | 0.86; 1.62 |
Very high (≥0.800) | 0.86 | 0.83; 0.89 | 0.41 | 0.18; 0.93 | 1.16 | 0.78; 1.72 | 0.75 | 0.65; 0.87 | 0.45 | 0.31; 0.66 | 1.01 | 0.72; 1.40 |
Inpatient care unit’s COVID-19 hospitalizations ref: 100-299) | ||||||||||||
300-599 | 0.71 | 0.64; 0.78 | 0.63 | 0.45; 0.89 | 0.62 | 0.48; 0.82 | 0.75 | 0.65; 0.87 | 0.70 | 0.57; 0.86 | 0.79 | 0.59; 1.05 |
600-999 | 0.56 | 0.50; 0.63 | 0.77 | 0.48; 1.24 | 0.53 | 0.39; 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.49; 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.47; 0.74 | 0.53 | 0.37; 0.76 |
1000-3999 | 0.44 | 0.39; 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.34; 0.91 | 0.42 | 0.31; 0.57 | 0.43 | 0.36; 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.39; 0.63 | 0.52 | 0.38; 0.72 |
≥ 4000 | 0.39 | 0.28; 0.55 | 0.37 | 0.13; 1.07 | 0.24 | 0.09; 0.68 | 0.46 | 0.28; 0.74 | 0.60 | 0.31; 1.18 | 0.38 | 0.17; 0.89 |
Healthcare unit type (ref: general hospital) | ||||||||||||
Specialized hospital | 0.73 | 0.60; 0.89 | 0.68 | 0.40; 1.18 | 0.65 | 0.44; 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.59; 1.27 | 0.71 | 0.41; 1.23 | 0.73 | 0.46; 1.17 |
Mixed unit | 0.53 | 0.35; 0.81 | 0.50 | 0.17; 1.43 | 0.28 | 0.11; 0.72 | 0.66 | 0.38; 1.17 | ||||
General emergency center | 1.65 | 1.23; 2.33 | 2.08 | 0.89; 4.86 | 1.33 | 0.92; 1.93 | 1.68 | 0.75; 3.75 | ||||
Specialized emergency center | 1.81 | 1.03; 3.17 | 1.67 | 0.51; 5.53 | 1.94 | 0.94; 4.01 | 0.59 | 0.13; 2.63 | ||||
Country region (ref: Southeast) | ||||||||||||
North | 1.18 | 1.01; 1.37 | ||||||||||
Northeast | 0.99 | 0.88; 1.10 | ||||||||||
South | 0.70 | 0.63; 0.78 | ||||||||||
Midwest | 0.85 | 0.74; 0.97 | ||||||||||
Northeast/Southeast | ||||||||||||
Inpatient care unit out of patient’s residence city (ref.: in) | 1.04 | 1.02; 1.05 | 1.10 | 1.02; 1.18 | 1.13 | 1.09; 1.16 | 1.03 | 1.01; 1.05 | 0.99 | 0.96; 1.02 | 1.05 | 1.00; 1.11 |
Inpatient care unit’s city size (ref: <50,000 inhabitants) | ||||||||||||
50,000-99,999 inhabitants | 1.57 | 1.37; 1.79 | 1.65 | 1.08; 2.52 | 1.47 | 1.00; 2.16 | 1.51 | 1.22; 1.86 | 1.52 | 1.21; 1.90 | 1.71 | 1.13; 2.60 |
100,000-999,999 inhabitants | 1.70 | 1.51; 1.91 | 1.30 | 0.88; 1.92 | 1.65 | 1.16; 2.35 | 1.80 | 1.51; 2.15 | 1.54 | 1.23; 1.93 | 1.43 | 1.03; 1.99 |
≥ 1,000,000 inhabitants | 1.70 | 1.49; 1.94 | 1.68 | 1.07; 2.63 | 2.11 | 1.46; 3.05 | 1.52 | 1.23; 1.86 | 1.75 | 1.29; 2.36 | 1.08 | 0.75; 1.55 |
Pandemic period (ref: Sep-Nov 2020) | ||||||||||||
Feb-May 2020 (wave 1.1) | 1.33 | 1.30; 1.36 | 2.29 | 2.13; 2.46 | 1.76 | 1.68; 1.85 | 1.11 | 1.08; 1.14 | 0.73 | 0.66; 0.81 | 1.16 | 1.04; 1.30 |
Jun-Aug 2020 (wave 1.2) | 1.05 | 1.03; 1.06 | 1.18 | 1.10; 1.28 | 1.25 | 1.20; 1.31 | 0.95 | 0.93; 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.90; 0.98 | 1.36 | 1.29; 1.43 |
Dec 2020 – Feb 2021 (wave2.1) | 1.23 | 1.21; 1.25 | 2.22 | 2.08; 2.37 | 1.38 | 1.32; 1.44 | 1.07 | 1.04; 1.09 | 1.34 | 1.29; 1.39 | 1.13 | 1.07; 1.19 |
Mar 2021 – Apr 2021 (wave2.2) | 1.63 | 1.60; 1.65 | 1.85 | 1.73; 1.98 | 1.66 | 1.60; 1.73 | 1.54 | 1.51; 1.57 | 1.77 | 1.71; 1.83 | 1.73 | 1.65; 1.82 |
May 2021 – Jun 2021 (wave2.3) | 1.34 | 1.32; 1.37 | 1.33 | 1.21; 1.46 | 1.28 | 1.22; 1.35 | 1.31 | 1.28; 1.35 | 1.49 | 1.42; 1.55 | 1.30 | 1.22; 1.39 |
Jul 2021 – Dec 2021 | 0.86 | 0.85; 0.88 | 0.76 | 0.69; 0.83 | 0.85 | 0.81; 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.83; 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.87; 0.94 | 0.83 | 0.78; 0.87 |
Jan 2022 – Feb 2022 (wave3) | 0.80 | 0.78; 0.82 | 0.67 | 0.61; 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.73; 0.82 | 0.81 | 0.79; 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.79; 0.88 | 0.68 | 0.63; 0.74 |
Mar 2022 – Dec 2022 | 0.51 | 0.50; 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.35; 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.45; 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.46; 0.49 | 0.65 | 0.61; 0.68 | 0.43 | 0.39; 0.47 |