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Table 2 Distribution of intra-pandemic COVID-19 risk aggravating activities, vaccination status against COVID-19 and previous COVID-19 infections

From: Relative contributions of pre-pandemic factors and intra-pandemic activities to differential COVID-19 risk among migrant and non-migrant populations in the Netherlands: lessons for future pandemic preparedness

Variable name & Categories

Total

N = 714

Dutch origin

N = 206

South Asian

Surinamese origin

N = 151

African Surinamese origin

N = 119

Ghanaian origin

N = 38

Turkish origin

N = 102

Moroccan origin

N = 98

 N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Went for grocery shopping during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

650(91.0)

195(94.7)

128(84.8)

112(94.1)

30(78.9)

91(89.2)

94(92.5)

No

63(8.8)

11(5.3)

22(14.6)

7(5.9)

8(21.1)

11(10.8)

4(7.5)

Visited family or friends during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

356(49.9)

134(65.0)

57(37.7)

49(41.2)

8(21.1)

53(52.0)

55(56.1)

No

357(50.0)

72(35.0)

93(61.6)

70(58.8)

30(78.9)

49(48.0)

43(43.9)

Walked the dog or to played outside with your children during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

116(16.2)

52(25.2)

8(5.3)

7(5.9)

3(7.9)

23(22.5)

23(23.5)

No

597(83.6)

154(74.8)

142(94.0)

112(94.1)

35(92.1)

79(77.5)

75(76.5)

Went outside to get some fresh air or exercise during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

455(63.7)

159(77.2)

87(57.6)

64(53.8)

19(50.0)

68(66.7)

58(59.2)

No

258(36.1)

47(22.8)

63(41.7)

55(46.2)

19(50.0)

34(33.3)

40(40.8)

Went outside to take care of someone, such as informal care or shopping during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

102(14.3)

37(18.0)

17(11.3)

17(14.3)

0(0.0)

12(11.8)

19(19.4)

No

611(85.6)

169(82.0)

133(88.1)

102(85.7)

38(100.0)

90(88.2)

79(80.6)

Went to pick up your medication or to visit the doctor during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

168(23.5)

35(17.0)

37(24.5)

31(26.1)

12(31.6)

34(33.3)

19(19.4)

No

545(76.3)

171(83.0)

113(74.8)

88(73.9)

26(68.4)

68(66.7)

79(80.6)

Visited the church/mosque/place of worship during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

55(7.7)

3(1.5)

10(6.6)

9(7.6)

11(28.9)

13(12.7)

9(9.2)

No

658(92.2)

203(98.5)

140(92.7)

110(92.4)

27(71.1)

89(87.3)

89(90.8)

Visited the cinema, theatre, concert, or museum during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

16(2.2)

13(6.3)

2(1.3)

1(0.8)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

No

697(97.6)

193(93.7)

148(98.0)

118(99.2)

38(100.0)

102(100.0)

98(100.0)

Visited a catering facility (bar/restaurant) during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

9(1.3)

5(2.4)

1(0.7)

1(0.8)

0(0.0)

2(2.0)

0(0.0)

No

704(98.6)

201(97.6)

149(98.7)

118(99.2)

38(100.0)

100(98.0)

98(100.0)

Exercised indoors (e.g., visited a sports club/gym) during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

81(11.3)

159(77.2)

87(57.6)

64(53.8)

19(50.0)

68(66.7)

58(59.2)

No

632(88.5)

47(22.8)

63(41.7)

55(46.2)

19(50.0)

34(33.3)

40(40.8)

Visited a recreational area (e.g., forest, beach, or campsite) during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

117(16.4)

66(32.0)

19(12.6)

5(4.2)

2(5.3)

9(8.8)

16(16.3)

No

596(83.5)

140(68.0)

131(86.8)

114(95.8)

36(94.7)

93(91.2)

82(83.7)

Went outside for any other reason during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

168(23.5)

59(28.6)

37(24.5)

25(21.0)

1(2.6)

21(20.6)

25(25.5)

No

545(76.3)

147(71.4)

113(74.8)

94(79.0)

37(97.4)

81(79.4)

73(74.5)

Used public transport during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

222(31.1)

58(28.2)

39(25.8)

53(44.5)

13(34.2)

22(21.6)

37(37.8)

No

491(68.8)

148(71.8)

111(73.5)

66(55.5)

25(65.8)

80(78.4)

61(62.2)

Received visitors at home during coronavirus pandemic

Yes

377(52.8)

133(64.6)

73(48.3)

59(49.6)

9(23.7)

56(54.9)

47(48.0)

No

336(47.1)

73(35.4)

77(51.0)

60(50.4)

29(76.3)

46(45.1)

51(52.0)

Went to work during coronavirus Pandemic

Yes

364(51.0)

100(48.5)

75(49.7)

59(49.6)

19(50.0)

54(52.9)

57(58.2)

No

350(49.0)

106(51.5)

76(50.3)

60(50.4)

19(50.0)

48(47.1)

41(41.8)

Total number of daily activities during coronavirus pandemic

mean (SD)

5.6(1.7)

6.3(1.6)

5.0(1.8)

5.2(1.7)

4.4(1.6)

5.5(1.6)

5.8(1.6)

Vaccinated against COVID-19

       

Yes

212(29.7)

71(34.5)

54(35.8)

30(25.4)

7(18.4)

28(27.5)

22(22.4)

No

511(70.3)

135(65.5)

97(64.2)

88(74.6)

31(81.6)

74(72.5)

76(77.6)

Previous COVID-19 infection

       

Yes

53(7.45)

14(6.8)

8(5.3)

5(4.2)

13(34.2)

9(8.8)

4(4.1)

No

658(92.5)

191(93.2)

142(94.7)

113(95.8)

25(65.8)

93(0.912)

94(95.9)

  1. COVID-19 risk aggravating activities were only available in the HELIUS COVID-19 serological sub-study. The HELIUS COVID-19 serological sub-study data used here was collected from November 23, 2020, to March 31, 2021 (during the second wave of coronavirus pandemic in the Netherlands)
  2. Columns do not add to the total number of participants in some cases due to NAs (missing values)
  3. Vaccination against COVID-19 = “vaccinated” if the participant was fully or partially vaccinated or “not vaccinated” if the participant did not receive any dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in the study period
  4. Previous COVID-19 infection = testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the serological study
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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