Horizontal inequity in self-reported morbidity and untreated morbidity in India: Evidence from National Sample Survey Data

Verma, Veenapani Rajeev; Dash, Umakant

doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01376-0

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 4 Regression coefficients (b), Absolute contribution and Relative contribution of determinants to income related inequality in untreated morbidity in India over the years

From: Horizontal inequity in self-reported morbidity and untreated morbidity in India: Evidence from National Sample Survey Data

		2017–18				2014				2004
UNTREATED MORBIDITY		Coeff	EI	Abs.	% Con	Coeff	EI	Abs.	% Con	Coeff	EI	Abs.	%Con
UNTREATED MORBIDITY	*Individuals reporting ailment and not availing treatment in last 15 days.*
Need Variables
Age & Sex Interaction	15–29 Male^b
	0–14 Male	− 0.053^**	− 0.157	0.008	− 0.096	− 0.073^**	− 0.134	0.010	− 0.102	− 0.082^***	− 0.135	0.011	− 0.122
	30–44 Male	0.000	0.012	0.000	0.000	0.068^*	−0.012	− 0.001	0.008	− 0.018	− 0.017	0.000	− 0.004
	45–59 Male	−0.020	0.048	−0.001	0.011	0.024	0.059	0.001	−0.015	−0.008	0.042	0.000	0.004
	60+ Male	−0.034	0.049	−0.003	0.037	0.019	0.081	0.001	−0.015	0.038^**	0.073	0.003	−0.031
	0–14 Female	−0.037	− 0.123	0.005	− 0.053	−0.051^*	− 0.097	0.005	− 0.051	−0.062^***	− 0.127	0.008	− 0.088
	15–29 Female	−0.022	− 0.043	0.001	− 0.011	−0.003	− 0.031	0.000	− 0.001	0.000	− 0.012	0.000	0.000
	30–44 Female	−0.015	−0.007	0.000	−0.001	0.032	−0.017	− 0.001	0.006	− 0.025	0.007	0.000	0.002
	45–59 Female	−0.048	0.085	−0.004	0.047	0.026	0.100	0.003	−0.027	−0.039^**	0.075	−0.003	0.033
	60+ Female	−0.042	0.107	−0.005	0.052	0.026	0.053	0.001	−0.014	0.007	0.088	0.001	−0.006
Duration of Illness	Less than equal to 10 days^b
Duration of Illness	More than 10 days	−0.113^***	0.356	−0.040	0.463	−0.134^***	0.268	−0.036	0.371	−0.030^***	0.215	−0.006	0.071
SUBTOTAL (NEED)				−0.039	0.449			−0.015	0.159			0.013	−0.142
Non-Need Variables
Marital Status	Never Married^b
	Currently Married	0.011	0.211	0.002	−0.028	−0.057^**	0.161	−0.009	0.095	−0.038^**	0.167	−0.006	0.071
	Widowed/Divorced	0.026	0.089	0.002	−0.027	− 0.062^**	0.056	− 0.003	0.036	0.025	0.062	0.002	−0.017
Location	Urban^b
Location	Rural	0.012	−0.498	− 0.006	0.066	0.014	−0.438	− 0.006	0.064	0.031^***	−0.422	− 0.013	0.146
Social Group	Others^b
	Scheduled Tribe	−0.007	−0.088	0.001	−0.008	− 0.008	−0.094	0.001	−0.008	0.035^**	−0.070	− 0.002	0.027
	Other Backward Caste	−0.010	−0.134	0.001	−0.016	− 0.006	−0.130	0.001	−0.007	0.020^**	−0.137	− 0.003	0.030
	Scheduled Caste	−0.004	−0.082	0.000	−0.004	− 0.020^**	−0.024	0.000	−0.005	− 0.003	−0.093	0.000	−0.003
Health Insurance	Insurance coverage including government schemes^b
Health Insurance	No coverage	0.015^**	−0.218	−0.003	0.038	−0.039^***	− 0.169	0.007	− 0.069	0.008	− 0.046	0.000	0.004
Education	Formal schooling Secondary & above^b
	Schooling till middle	0.010	0.021	0.000	−0.002	0.031^**	0.048	0.001	−0.015	−0.002	0.080	0.000	0.001
	Schooling till primary	0.034^**	−0.080	−0.003	0.031	0.028^**	−0.043	−0.001	0.013	0.019^*	0.015	0.000	−0.003
	Literate without schooling	0.041	−0.004	0.000	0.002	0.033	−0.012	0.000	0.004	0.023	0.002	0.000	−0.001
	Illiterate	0.028^**	−0.252	−0.007	0.081	0.014	−0.285	−0.004	0.041	0.036^***	−0.354	−0.013	0.143
Employment	Wage worker^b
	Self-employed	0.005	−0.175	− 0.001	0.011	0.021^**	−0.122	− 0.003	0.027	− 0.015	−0.052	0.001	−0.008
	Casual laborer	0.009	−0.230	−0.002	0.023	0.023^*	−0.218	−0.005	0.053	0.008	−0.288	−0.002	0.027
	Others	−0.004	0.209	−0.001	0.009	0.038^**	0.125	0.005	−0.049	−0.016	0.127	−0.002	0.023
Religion	Hinduism^b
	Islam	−0.020^**	−0.075	0.002	−0.017	0.018	−0.068	− 0.001	0.013	0.003	−0.080	0.000	0.003
	Christianity	0.001	0.058	0.001	−0.009	0.000	0.046	0.000	−0.003	0.002^**	0.051	0.002	−0.017
	Others	−0.038^**	0.031	−0.001	0.013	−0.009	0.020	0.000	0.002	−0.065^***	0.043	−0.003	0.031
State Type	More Developed(Non-EAG) States^b
State Type	Least Dev. (EAG)States	0.031^***	−0.466	−0.014	0.167	0.059^***	−0.386	−0.023	0.236	0.007	−0.362	−0.003	0.028
Housing Conditions	Low-risk households^b
	Medium-risk households	0.012	0.012	0.000	−0.002	−0.007	0.146	−0.001	0.011	−0.004	0.019	0.000	0.001
	High-risk households	0.016^*	−0.411	− 0.006	0.075	0.017	−0.545	− 0.009	0.095	0.019^**	−0.512	− 0.010	0.106
Household Size	Less than 10 members^b
Household Size	More than 10 members	−0.051^**	−0.054	0.003	−0.032	− 0.061^**	−0.062	0.004	−0.039	− 0.025	−0.094	0.002	−0.026
Expenditure Quintiles	Highest MPCE Quintile^b
	Fourth MPCE Quintile	0.000	0.311	0.000	0.000	0.004	0.322	0.001	−0.013	−0.006	0.341	−0.002	0.023
	Middle MPCE Quintile	−0.015	0.072	−0.001	0.012	−0.016	0.035	−0.001	0.006	0.007	0.075	0.001	−0.006
	Second MPCE Quintile	−0.019*	−0.253	0.005	−0.057	0.032	−0.283	− 0.009	0.094	0.023^**	−0.262	− 0.006	0.067
	First MPCE Quintile	0.022^*	−0.736	−0.016	0.188	0.030^**	−0.692	−0.020	0.212	0.057^***	−0.729	−0.042	0.462
SUBTOTAL (NON-NEED)				−0.044	0.515			−0.076	0.792			−0.100	1.111
Residual		−0.003	−0.003	− 0.003	0.036	− 0.005^*	−0.005	− 0.005	0.049	− 0.003^***	−0.003	− 0.003	0.030
EI (Unstandardized)				−0.087	1.000			−0.096		1.000		−0.090	1.000

Standard error (S.E) in parentheses
Level of significance: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

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