The relationship between catastrophic health expenditure and health-related quality of life

Table 2 Results of the GEE analyzing for the effect of catastrophic health expenditure on EQ-VAS

Variables	EQ-VAS
Variables	β	S.E	p-value
Catastrophic health expenditure
Yes	−1.34	0.54	0.013
No	Ref.
Sex
Male	Ref.
Female	−0.99	0.25	0.000
Age
19~ 29	Ref.
30~ 39	− 0.46	0.53	0.384
40~ 49	0.44	0.51	0.387
50~ 59	−0.26	0.56	0.642
60~ 69	−0.45	0.61	0.459
70+	−1.72	0.67	0.010
Education level
Elementary or below	−2.40	0.45	<.001
Middle/high school	−0.75	0.29	0.010
College or above	Ref.
Economic status
Employed	Ref.
Unemployed	0.44	0.26	0.099
Income
Low	−3.26	0.48	<.001
Middle-low	−1.69	0.36	<.001
Middle	−1.75	0.34	<.001
Middle-high	−0.94	0.31	0.002
High	Ref.
Health insurance type
Health insurance	Ref.
Medical aid	−2.03	0.67	0.002
Family constitution
Living alone	0.91	0.51	0.073
Couple	Ref.
Couple with children	−1.19	0.36	0.001
More	−1.80	0.40	<.001
Number of chronic disease
0	Ref.
1	−1.16	0.32	<.001
2	−1.82	0.38	<.001
3+	−3.11	0.36	<.001
Disability
Absent	Ref.
Present	−1.96	0.52	<.001
Perceive health status
Good	Ref.
Bad	−14.90	0.37	<.001
Depression mood
Present	−7.07	0.46	<.001
Absent	Ref.
Year
2012	Ref.
2013	−0.83	0.18	<.001

ISSN: 1475-9276