Table 2 Results from instrumental variable regression analysis examining the influence of improved access to health insurance stemming from ACA Medicaid expansion on stress or worry to buy nutritious meal
138% or less of FPL | More than 138% of FPL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
[N = 7841] | [N = 31,705] | |||
Coef. (95% CI) | p-value | Coef. (95% CI) | p-value | |
2nd-stage regression | ||||
Insurance (ref. uninsured) | −0.72 (−1.32, −0.13) | 0.017 | −1.83 (−4.77, 1.11) | 0.222 |
Age | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.068 | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.02) | 0.955 |
Sex (ref. male) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.18) | < 0.001 | 0.08 (0.03, 0.14) | 0.005 |
Marital status (ref. single) | ||||
Married | −0.02 (− 0.05, 0.01) | 0.261 | 0.01 (− 0.04, 0.05) | 0.834 |
Race (ref. White - non-Hispanic) | ||||
Black | −0.09 (− 0.12, − 0.05) | < 0.001 | 0.02 (− 0.02, 0.05) | 0.362 |
Hispanic | −0.20 (− 0.35, − 0.05) | 0.008 | − 0.12 (− 0.30, 0.06) | 0.179 |
Multiracial | 0.03 (− 0.04, 0.09) | 0.406 | 0.02 (− 0.04, 0.07) | 0.554 |
Other | − 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.08) | 0.934 | 0.04 (− 0.03, 0.10) | 0.263 |
Income | ||||
Less than$10,000 | (ref) | |||
$10,000 to less than $15,000 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.10) | 0.041 | ||
$15,000 to less than $20,000 | −0.01 (− 0.05, 0.04) | 0.758 | 0.18 (− 0.17, 0.53) | 0.322 |
$20,000 to less than $25,000 | −0.01 (− 0.07, 0.05) | 0.700 | 0.16 (− 0.17, 0.50) | 0.343 |
$25,000 to less than $35,000 | 0.01 (−0.12, 0.12) | 0.971 | 0.12 (−0.12, 0.36) | 0.316 |
$35,000 to less than $50,000 | 0.06 (−0.12, 0.24) | 0.530 | 0.06 (− 0.10, 0.23) | 0.455 |
$50,000 to less than $75,000 | 0.06 (0.01, 0.11) | 0.028 | ||
$75,000 or more | (ref) | |||
Education (ref. Did not graduate High School) | ||||
Graduated High School | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.07) | 0.296 | 0.13 (−0.18, 0.45) | 0.414 |
Attend College/Technical School | 0.05 (−0.01, 0.11) | 0.101 | 0.19 (−0.20, 0.59) | 0.339 |
Graduated from College/Technical School | −0.01 (− 0.08, 0.06) | 0.718 | 0.17 (− 0.25, 0.60) | 0.423 |
Self-rated general health | −0.19 (− 0.22, − 0.16) | < 0.001 | − 0.20 (− 0.27, − 0.14) | < 0.001 |
Employment status | − 0.10 (− 0.16, − 0.04) | 0.001 | 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.03) | 0.627 |
Having children | 0.05 (0.02, 0.08) | 0.004 | 0.05 (0.01, 0.10) | 0.036 |
Household size | −0.01 (− 0.02, − 0.01) | 0.027 | 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.02) | 0.146 |
State-level uninsured-rate | − 0.03 (− 0.04, − 0.01) | < 0.001 | −0.01 (− 0.02, − 0.01) | 0.008 |
State-level unemployment-rate | −0.02 (− 0.07, 0.02) | 0.342 | 0.02 (− 0.01, 0.04) | 0.098 |
State-level poverty-rate | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) | 0.291 | − 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.01) | 0.148 |
State-level white people-rate | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.257 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.551 |
State-level education-rate | −0.01 (− 0.04, 0.02) | 0.424 | − 0.01 (− 0.03, 0.01) | 0.249 |
State-level foreign born-rate | 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.02) | 0.457 | − 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.733 |
State-level rate of people aged 65+ | − 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.893 | − 0.01 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.366 |
1st-stage regression | ||||
ACA | 0.13 (0.07, 0.19) | < 0.001 | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.123 |
F-statistic | 20.47 | 2.75 | ||