Table 3 Critical appraisal of randomised controlled trials
JBI checklist criteria (potential bias) | Studies | |
|---|---|---|
Canuto et al., 2012 [31] | Peiris et al., 2015 [32] | |
1. Was true randomization used for assignment of participants to treatment groups? (selection bias) | Yes | Yes |
2. Was allocation to treatment groups concealed? (selection bias) | No | No |
3. Were treatment groups similar at the baseline? (selection bias/design bias) | Yes | Yes |
4. Were participants blind to treatment assignment? (performance bias) | No | No |
5. Were those delivering treatment blind to treatment assignment? (performance/detection bias) | No | No |
6. Were outcomes assessors blind to treatment assignment? (ascertainment bias) | No | Yes |
7. Were treatments groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest? (systematic difference/containment bias) | Yes | Yes |
8. Was follow-up complete, and if not, were strategies to address incomplete follow-up utilized? (attrition bias) | Yes | Yes |
9. Were participants analysed in the groups to which they were randomized? (intention to analysis) | Yes | Yes |
10. Were outcomes measured in the same way for treatment groups? (instrumentation/testing effects threats) | Yes | Yes |
11. Were outcomes measured in a reliable way? (measurement bias) | Yes | Yes |
12. Was appropriate statistical analysis used? (performance/detection bias) | Yes | Yes |
13. Was the trial design appropriate, and any deviations from the standard RCT design (individual randomization, parallel groups) accounted for in the conduct and analysis of the trial? (design bias) | Yes | Yes |
Total (%) and quality ratinga | 9/13 (69%) Moderate | 10/13 (77%) Moderate |