Changes in catastrophic health expenditure in post-conflict Sierra Leone: an Oaxaca-blinder decomposition analysis

Edoka, Ijeoma; McPake, Barbara; Ensor, Tim; Amara, Rogers; Edem-Hotah, Joseph

doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0661-4

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Linear probability model of catastrophic health expenditure (defined at a threshold of 10%) showing marginal effects

From: Changes in catastrophic health expenditure in post-conflict Sierra Leone: an Oaxaca-blinder decomposition analysis

Model Covariates	2003	2011	Difference^±±	Pooled
Below median expenditure	0.0444	0.00998	−0.0344	0.0261
	(0.028)	(0.019)	(0.037)	(0.017)
Married	0.0773	−0.0211	−0.0984^†	0.0233
	(0.048)	(0.025)	(0.051)	(0.025)
Age (years)	0.00243	−0.00477	−0.00720	−0.00167
	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.007)	(0.003)
Age squared	−0.0000192	0.0000526	0.0000718	0.0000238
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Male	−0.0185	0.0144	0.0329	0.00716
	(0.044)	(0.022)	(0.043)	(0.021)
Muslim	0.0330	−0.00354	−0.0366	0.0157
	(0.029)	(0.021)	(0.036)	(0.018)
No education	−0.00278	0.00817	0.0110	0.00304
	(0.040)	(0.025)	(0.041)	(0.024)
Log household size	0.157^***	0.138^***	−0.0183	0.142^***
	(0.024)	(0.018)	(0.031)	(0.015)
Children under 5 years	−0.000669	−0.000710	−0.0000406	−0.000550
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Adults over 65 years	0.00124	0.00120	−0.0000386	0.000899
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.001)
Unemployed adults	−0.000492	−0.000110	0.000382	−0.000274
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Ill health	0.00504^***	0.00329^***	−0.00175^**	0.00456^***
	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.000)
Rural	0.00642	0.00855	0.00212	0.0115
	(0.030)	(0.024)	(0.045)	(0.019)
Eastern region^±	−0.154^***	−0.00530	0.149^**	−0.0742^**
	(0.052)	(0.032)	(0.060)	(0.030)
Northern region^±	−0.147^***	0.0123	0.160^***	−0.0650^**
	(0.054)	(0.031)	(0.059)	(0.031)
Southern region^±	−0.106^**	0.126^***	0.233^***	−0.00677
	(0.053)	(0.036)	(0.068)	(0.033)
Formal Public	0.00466^***	0.00729^***	0.00263^**	0.00546^***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.000)
Formal NGO & Missionary	0.00462^***	0.0108^***	0.00619^†	0.00597^***
	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.001)
Formal Private	0.00483^***	0.00643^***	0.00161	0.00520^***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Informal Private	0.00413^***	0.00364^***	−0.000481	0.00316^***
	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.001)
Public Hospital	0.00607^**	0.00935^***	0.00328	0.00825^***
	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.002)
Private Hospital	0.00722	−0.00475^**	−0.0120^**	−0.00233
	(0.005)	(0.002)	(0.006)	(0.002)
2011 (base category: 2003)	-	-	-	−0.0505^***
				(0.017)
Constant	−0.0692	0.0131	0.0823	0.0107
	(0.144)	(0.081)	(0.175)	(0.079)
Observations	1886	2800		4686
R ²	0.305	0.335		0.332
adj. R ²	0.296	0.329		0.329

^† p < 0.1, ^** p < 0.05, ^*** p < 0.01
Standard errors in parentheses
^±Base category: Western region
^±±Standard errors estimated using 100 bootstrap replications

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ISSN: 1475-9276

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