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Table 4 Linear trends for annual Gini coefficients and concentration indices in 1992–2008 in Finland

From: Comparative observational study of mortality amenable by health policy and care between rural and urban Finland: no excess segregation of mortality in the capital despite its increasing residential differentiation

Mortality

GINI/C

City of Helsinki

Nine next most-populated municipalities

Rest of Finland

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

Estimate

95 % Cl

Estimate

95 % Cl

Estimate

95 % Cl

Estimate

95 % Cl

Estimate

95 % Cl

Estimate

95 % Cl

OM

GINI

.0026*/ns

.0006 to .0045

.0026**/ns

.0010 to .0041

.0014

-.0005 to .0033

.0013*/ns

.0001 to .0026

.0024*

.0007 to .0042

.0020**/ns

.0005 to .0035

OM

C

-.0061***

-.0078 to -.0044

-.0065***

-.0072 to -.0059

-.0074***

-.0098 to -.0051

-.0061***

-.0070 to -.0051

-.0066***

-.0086 to -.0047

-.0086***

-.0095 to -.0078

AM

GINI

.0020

-.0008 to .0048

.0010

-.0025 to .0045

.0011

-.0020 to .0042

.0038*

.0002 to .0075

.0047**/*

.0016 to .0078

.0044*

.0008 to .0080

AM

C

-.0076***

-.0108 to -.0044

-.0085**

-.0134 to -.0036

-.0041*

-.0074 to -.0009

-.0059*

-.0110 to -.0007

-.007***

-.0101 to -.0039

-.0078***

-.0112 to -.0044

IHD

GINI

.0062**

.0017 to .0107

.0045*/ns

.0007 to .0082

.0080**/***

.0037 to .0123

.0026

-.0012 to .0064

.0114***

.0069 to .0158

.0051**

.0015 to .0087

IHD

C

-.0088**

-.0147 to -.0030

-.0058**

-.0092 to -.0025

-.0105***

-.0141 to -.0069

-.0058***

-.0081 to -.0035

-.0104***

-.0135 to -.0073

-.0094***

-.0121 to -.0068

AR

GINI

-.0050

-.0141 to .0042

-.0019 ns/*

-.0070 to .0033

-.0103*

-.0198 to -.0007

-.0029

-.0076 to .0017

-.0122*/**

-.0217 to -.0027

-.0055*/**

-.0106 to -.0004

AR

C

-.0063*

-.0116 to -.0009

-.0087***

-.0113 to -.0062

-.0101***

-.0151 to -.0052

-.0088***

-.0118 to -.0058

-.0097***

-.0139 to -.0054

-.0103***

-.0128 to -.0078

  1. OM overall mortality, AM amenable mortality, IHD ischemic heart disease mortality, AR alcohol related mortality, GINI Gini coefficients, markings after slash (/) indicate changed levels of significance due to income standardization, C concentration indices, ns not significant
  2. *p ≤ .05, **p ≤ .01, ***p ≤ .001