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Table 4 Two-part model (1. Logit, 2. GLM a ) with OOPP b as dependent variable

From: Inequalities in out-of-pocket payments for health care services among elderly Germans – results of a population-based cross-sectional study

 

Total

Inpatient

Outpatient

Independent variables

Logit OR (SE)

GLM b (SE)

Predict. margin

Logit OR (SE)

GLM b (SE)

Predict. margin

Logit OR (SE)

GLM b (SE)

Predict. margin

Male gender

0.92

-0.07

-10.37

1.28

-0.05

1.06

0.89

-0.31**

-7.23**

(Ref.: Female)

(0.09)

(0.11)

(13.27)

(0.23)

(0.17)

(1.37)

(0.07)

(0.12)

(2.51)

Private health insurance

0,29***

0.40

4.22

1.05

-0.42

-1,76

0.18

0.56

-7-74*

(Ref.: Statutory)

(0.05)

(0.23)

(28.53)

(0.35)

(0.30)

(1.80)

(0.03)

(0.32)

(4.38)

Age

1.00

0.01

1.29

0.99

0.02

0.07

0.98***

-0.01

-0.34

 

(0.01)

(0.01)

(1.04)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.11)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.20)

Education (Ref.: < 10 y.)

         

- 10–11 years

1.33*

0.09

17.35

0.87*

0.76***

4.23

1.15

0.19

5.16

 

(0.17)

(0.14)

(17.87)

(0.21)

(0.23)

(2.64)

(0.12)

(0.15)

(3.38)

- > 11 years

1.18

-0.00

3.92

0.61

0.43

-0.19

1.15

0.30

7.98

 

(0.17)

(0.16)

(18.79)

(0.18)

(0.28)

(1.80)

(0.14)

(0.17)

(4.21)

Illness level – CIRS-Gc

1.00

0.03*

3.12*

1.03*

0.01

0.26

0.99

0.01

0.03

 

(0.01)

(0.01)

(1.27)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.13)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.23)

Marital status (Ref: married)

         

- Single

0.81

0.40

46.24

2.06

-0.18

2.82

0.94

-0.70*

-10.75*

 

(0.19)

(0.31)

(45.87)

(0.76)

(0.35)

(3.34)

(0.19)

(0.31)

(3.43)

- Divorced

0.87

0.08

5.72

0.98

0.06

0.19

0.86

-0.16

-4.31

 

(0.15)

(0.21)

(23.56)

(0.36)

(0.33)

(2.18)

(0.13)

(0.22)

(3.86)

- Widowed

1.08

0.25

33.62

1.54

0.48*

6.24*

1.01

0.06

1.48

 

(0.15)

(0.15)

(20.78)

(0.36)

(0.22)

(2.87)

(0.11)

(0.16)

(3.66)

Incomed

1.03

0.09**

11.15**

1.09

-0.04

0.25

1.07**

0.12***

3.11***

 

(0.03)

(0.03)

(3.80)

(0.05)

(0.05)

(0.36)

(0.02)

(0.03)

(0.73)

Constant

 

3.55***

  

2.84**

  

3.47***

 
  

(0.62)

  

(0.95)

  

(0.68)

 

N

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

  

Medical supplies

  

Dental prostheses

  

Pharmaceuticals

 

Independent variables

Logit OR (SE)

GLM b (SE)

Predict. margin

Logit OR (SE)

GLM b (SE)

Predict. margin

Logit OR (SE)

GLM b (SE)

Predict. margin

Male gender

0.87

0.22

4.14

0.93

-0.28

-9.06

0.99

-0.09

-2.84

(Ref.: Female)

(0.09)

(0.21)

(9.08)

(0.19)

(0.26)

(8.65)

(0.08)

(0.07)

(2.41)

Private health insurance

0.63*

0.11

-9.62

0.29*

2.12**

35.64

0.52***

0.62***

11.84

(Ref.: Statutory)

(0.14)

(0.42)

(14.51)

(0.18)

(0.79)

(58.06)

(0.08)

(0.15)

(8.96)

Age

1.01

-0.00

0.19

1.03

-0.01

0.32

1.00

0.02***

0.59*

 

(0.01)

(0.02)

(0.69)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.65)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.19)

Education (Ref.: < 10 y.)

         

- 10–11 years

1.01

-0.13

-4.84

1.17

0.16

9.85

1.08

-0.03

0.64

 

(0.13)

(0.25)

(10.20)

(0.28)

(0.32)

(13.47)

(0.11)

(0.09)

(3.20)

- > 11 years

0.87

-0.06

-6.79

0.78

-0.21

-9.64

1.07

0.04

0.83

 

(0.13)

(0.30)

(11.78)

(0.25)

(0.40)

(10.31)

(0.13)

(0.10)

(3.47)

Illness level – CIRS-Gc

1.01

-0.02

-0.43

1.00

0.05*

1.33

1.02

0.03***

0.98*

 

(0.01)

(0.02)

(0.83)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.83)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.24)

Marital status (Ref: married)

         

- Single

0.97

0.37

18.52

1.08

1.04

46.84

0.78

0.13

4.07

 

(0.27)

(0.66)

(30.21)

(0.57)

(0.67)

(57.3)

(0.16)

(0.19)

(9.05)

- Divorced

1.15

-0.08

2.27

1.43

-0.11

5.94

0.88

0.14

2.68

 

(0.21)

(0.42)

(13.87)

(0.49)

(0.46)

(15.72)

(0.13)

(0.13)

(4.71)

- Widowed

1.49**

0.34

32.23

1.25

0.06

7.10

1.16

-0.03

1.11

 

(0.19)

(0.30)

(17.02)

(0.31)

(0.32)

(11.36)

(0.13)

(0.09)

(3.21)

Incomed

1.02

0.07

3.69

1.06

0.08

3.60

1.02

0.05**

1.74*

 

(0.03)

(0.06)

(2.43)

(0.06)

(0.08)

(2.66)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.69)

Constant

 

5.17***

  

6.48***

  

1.51***

 
  

(1.21)

  

(1.31)

  

(0.39)

 

N

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

3,122

  1. a Generalized linear model with log link and gamma distribution b out-of-pocket payments c Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics d 3-month net income in €1,000 (square root equivalence scale); OR: Odds ratio; SE: Standard error *p < .05 **p < .01 ***p < .001.