From: Health care payments in the asia pacific: validation of five survey measures of economic burden
 | Country | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Measure of economic burden | China | Malaysia | Philippines | Vietnam |
 | (n=3993) | (n=6095) | (n=10,074) | (n=4169) |
Any health expenditure, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Household paid for health care | 53.6 | 56.0 | 58.5 | 56.3 |
Health expenditure amount, median by wealth quintile ($)b | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Q1 (fewest assets) | 91 | 0 | 0 | 66 |
  Q2 | 61 | 0 | 62 | 77 |
  Q3 | 91 | 37 | 75 | 51 |
  Q4 | 121 | 80 | 162 | 83 |
  Q5 (most assets) | 303 | 292 | 373 | 124 |
Catastrophic health expenditure, (%)c | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Household health expenditure/nonsubsistence expenditure ≥ 40% | 16.8 | 4.6 | 18.6 | 13.4 |
Indebtedness, (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Household borrowed money or sold assets to pay for health care | 17.0 | 10.6 | 30.7 | 19.0 |
Impoverishment, (%)c,d | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Household newly classified as poor after paying for health care | 5.7 | 2.4 | 9.0 | 7.7 |