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Table 2 Household characteristics by country a

From: Health care payments in the asia pacific: validation of five survey measures of economic burden

 

Country

 

China

Malaysia

Philippines

Vietnam

Household characteristic

(n=3993)

(n=6095)

(n=10,074)

(n=4169)

Region, (%)

    

  Urban

33.0

63.8

58.9

23.7

  Rural

67.0

36.2

41.1

76.3

Sex distribution, (%)

    

  Females in household

50.3

50.6

50.1

50.8

Age distribution, (%)

    

  Households with children 0–5 years

16.7

35.1

45.4

28.0

  Households with children 6–15 years

43.1

48.4

61.7

62.0

  Households with persons 16–59 years

88.3

95.8

96.4

97.4

  Households with persons 60+ years

37.3

23.2

22.4

26.4

Size, (%)

    

  Households with 1–2 members

22.0

24.6

9.9

7.8

  Households with 3–5 members

69.8

49.1

49.7

68.4

  Households with 6–10 members

8.2

25.4

38.4

23.4

  Households with 11+ members

0.0

0.9

2.0

0.4

Marital status, (%)

    

  Households with at least one married member

91.4

81.2

82.3

93.6

Highest education by member, (%)

    

  No schooling or less than primary

6.6

6.7

6.3

5.8

  Primary school completed

11.8

12.1

21.3

16.8

  Secondary school completed

38.2

14.4

41.7

35.3

  High school or equivalent completed

26.3

39.4

7.2

30.3

  College or post-graduate completed

17.0

27.4

23.5

11.8

Health care need, (%)

    

  Member with long-term illness, disability or frailty

4.6

4.2

3.2

3.3

  Respondent with chronic illness

23.1

30.7

41.4

16.4

  Hospitalization

7.2

18.0

15.4

14.5

Risk protection, (%)

    

  Households with no reported health insurance

40.5

41.7

75.4

42.5

  Households with at least one member but not all insured

18.8

30.9

13.8

50.5

  Households with all members insured

40.7

27.4

10.8

7.1

Poverty, (%)b

    

  Households classified as poor

19.1

20.5

39.0

30.6

Total annual expenditure, median by wealth quintile ($)c

    

  Q1 (fewest assets)

2468

2471

2673

3080

  Q2

3760

4127

4103

3491

  Q3

5560

5405

5097

4107

  Q4

7276

6756

6838

5134

  Q5 (most assets)

10,490

10,956

10,319

8220

  1. aAll estimates are weighted to adjust for complex survey design.
  2. bPoverty line constructed using a weighted median food expenditure in each country sample (Xu, et al., 2003).
  3. cExpenditures expressed in 2002/03 International Dollars.
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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