Table 2 Prevalence, adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of non-use of modern contraceptive method according to socio-demographic characteristics among Ghanaian women 15–49 years from 1988 to 2008 presented in 5 years intervals
From: Inequality in fertility rate and modern contraceptive use among Ghanaian women from 1988–2008
Variables | Non-use of modern contraceptive method | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1988 n (%) aOR(95% CI) | 1993 n (%) aOR(95% CI) | 1998 n (%) aOR(95% CI) | 2003 n (%) aOR(95% CI) | 2008 n (%) aOR(95% CI) | |
Residence a | |||||
Urban | 1102(72.4) Ref | 1047(60.9) Ref | 994(62.7) Ref | 1369(57.7) Ref | 1180(54.6) Ref |
Rural | 2468(83.2) 1.4(1.2-1.8) | 2171(76.4) 1.5(1.3-1.7) | 2425(74.4) 1.2(1.0-1.4) | 2249(67.8) 1.1(0.9-1.3) | 1735(63.0) 1.1(0.9-1.3) |
Total | 3570 | 3218 | 3419 | 3618 | 2915 |
Educational level a | |||||
Never attended | 1598(89.6) 6.6(3.1-14.2) | 1387(86.9) 14.9(8.5-25.6) | 1424(82.0) 5.2(3.2-8.5) | 1452(75.7) 4.1(2.8-6.0) | 856(68.9) 3.9(2.7-5.5) |
Basic education | 1783(75.3) 2.1(1.0-4.4) | 1608(64.4) 3.4(2.0-5.7) | 1744(66.2) 2.2(1.3-3.4) | 1834(58.1) 1.5(1.0-2.1) | 1663(57.5) 1.8(1.3-2.5) |
Secondary | 174(58.8) 1.1(0.5-2.5) | 202(51.0) 2.0(1.1-3.5) | 209(57.3) 1.7(1.0-2.9) | 265(55.9) 1.2(0.8-1.8) | 325(54.5) 1.3(0.9-1.9) |
Higher | 15(37.5) Ref | 21(29.2) Ref | 42(40.0) Ref | 67(46.5) Ref | 69(38.1) Ref |
Total | 3570 | 3218 | 3419 | 3618 | 2913 |
Income level a | |||||
Low income | 736(81.0) 1.6(1.3-2.0) | No data | 958(72.4) 1.5(1.2-1.8) | 1664(71.2) 1.5(1.2-1.8) | 1337(66.5) 1.3(1.1-1.6) |
Average income | 355(74.9) 1.3(1.0-1.7) | 392(62.2) 1.1(0.9-1.3) | 629(63.5) 1.2(1.0-1.5) | 509(56.7) 1.0(0.8-1.1) | |
High income | 557(64.2) Ref | 699(56.4) Ref | 1325(56.1) Ref | 1069(53.2) Ref | |
Total | 1648 | 2049 | 3618 | 2915 | |