Table 3 Characteristics of the participants by reported income loss and factors associated with having lost income
From: Double jeopardy from the COVID-19 pandemic: risk of exposure and income loss in Portugal
Total (n = 6477) | Having lost income due to the pandemic | Income loss | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n (%) | No n (%) | p-value | Crude OR (CI 95%) | p-value | Adjusted OR (CI 95%) | p-value | ||
Total | 2776 (42.9) | 3701 (57.1) | ||||||
Sex (n = 6471) | ||||||||
Women | 4482 (69.3) | 1936 (69.7) | 2546 (68.9) | 0.470 | 1.04 (0.94-1.16) | 0.470 | 0.92 (0.81-1.05) | 0.202 |
Men | 1989 (30.7) | 840 (30.3) | 1149 (31.1) | 1 | 1 | |||
Age (n = 6477) | ||||||||
16-25 | 1484 (22.9) | 800 (28.8) | 684 (18.5) | < 0.001 | 2.61 (2.26-3.01) | < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.45-2.09) | < 0.001 |
26-45 | 3168 (48.9) | 1411 (50.8) | 1757 (47.5) | 1.79 (1.59-2.02) | < 0.001 | 1.62 (1.40-1.87) | < 0.001 | |
> 45 | 1825 (28.2) | 565 (20.4) | 1260 (34.0) | 1 | 1 | |||
Education level (n = 6442) | ||||||||
Basic/Secondary education | 2774 (43.1) | 1432 (51.8) | 1342 (36.5) | < 0.001 | 1.87 (1.69-2.07) | < 0.001 | 1.36 (1.19-1.56) | < 0.001 |
Higher education | 3668 (56.9) | 1331 (48.2) | 2337 (63.5) | 1 | 1 | |||
Monthly household income (n = 5914) | ||||||||
< 650€ | 858 (13.5) | 548 (21.7) | 310 (9.1) | < 0.001 | 4.65 (3.83-5.64) | < 0.001 | 3.13 (2.47-3.96) | < 0.001 |
651-1000€ | 1308 (22.1) | 681 (26.9) | 627 (18.5) | 2.85 (2.40-3.39) | < 0.001 | 2.16 (1.76-2.65) | < 0.001 | |
1001-1500€ | 1210 (20.5) | 502 (19.9) | 708 (20.9) | 1.86 (1.56-2.22) | < 0.001 | 1.57 (1.29-1.91) | < 0.001 | |
1501-2000€ | 876 (14.8) | 321 (12.7) | 555 (16.4) | 1.52 (1.25-1.84) | < 0.001 | 1.34 (1.09-1.65) | 0.006 | |
2001-2500€ | 610 (10.3) | 184 (7.3) | 426 (12.6) | 1.13 (0.91-1.41) | 0.258 | 1.11 (0.88-1.41) | 0.365 | |
> 2500€ | 1052 (17.8) | 290 (11.5) | 762 (22.5) | 1 | 1 | |||
Employment status (n = 6477) | ||||||||
Employee | 5461 (84.3) | 2016 (72.6) | 3445 (93.1) | < 0.001 | 1 | 1 | ||
Self-employed | 1016 (15.7) | 760 (27.4) | 256 (6.9) | 5.07 (4.36-5.90) | < 0.001 | 5.96 (5.01-7.08) | < 0.001 | |
Frequency of feeling agitated, anxious or sad (n = 6445) | ||||||||
Every day/almost all days | 1462 (22.7) | 762 (27.6) | 700 (19.0) | < 0.001 | 2.52 (2.13-2.98) | < 0.001 | 2.02 (1.66-2.46) | < 0.001 |
Some days | 3969 (61.6) | 1694 (61.3) | 2275 (61.8) | 1.72 (1.49-2.00) | < 0.001 | 1.70 (1.43-2.02) | < 0.001 | |
Never | 1014 (15.7) | 306 (11.1) | 708 (19.2) | 1 | 1 | |||