Table 3 Descriptive statistics of the total, urban and rural older residents
Total (N = 3535) | Urban (N = 1712) | Rural (N = 1823) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
SRH in 2018 (bad, %)a | 30.4 | 25.7 | 34.9 | |
SRH in 2016 (bad, %)b | 28.6 | 24 | 30.2 | |
CESD in 2018 (≥ 9, %)c | 25.3 | 20 | 32.9 | |
CESD in 2016 (≥ 9, %)d | 22.7 | 17.5 | 27.6 | |
Age (M/SD)e | 72.89/5.087 | 73.3/5.421 | 72.52/4.723 | |
Gender (male, %)f | 51.7 | 49.8 | 53.5 | |
Education(%)g | ||||
No formal education | 48.8 | 38.6 | 58.3 | |
Primary school | 28.6 | 27.9 | 29.2 | |
Middle school | 14.5 | 19.6 | 9.7 | |
High school | 5.5 | 8.9 | 2.2 | |
College or higher | 2.7 | 5 | 0.5 | |
Marital status (%)h | ||||
Married/cohabit | 73.8 | 75.2 | 72.5 | |
Divorced | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |
Widowed | 24.2 | 23.3 | 25.1 | |
Single | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.3 | |
Smoking in the past month (%)i | ||||
Yes | 26.3 | 22.7 | 29.7 | |
Drinking alcohol for at least 3 times a week (%) | ||||
Yes | 17.7 | 17.6 | 17.7 | |
Family size (%)j | ||||
1 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 9.1 | |
2 | 36.4 | 38.8 | 34.2 | |
3 | 11.1 | 12.4 | 9.8 | |
4 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 11 | |
5 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 13.7 | |
6 + | 18.5 | 14.5 | 22.3 | |
Economic hardships (yes, %)k | 15.5 | 7.7 | 22.8 | |
Neighborhood cohesion (low, %)l | 39.1 | 42 | 36.4 | |
Bridging trust (low, %) | 40.5 | 42.1 | 38.9 | |
Bonding trust (low, %) | 38 | 37.9 | 38.2 | |
Social participation (low, %)m | 74 | 64.7 | 82.8 | |