Variables | CESD-11 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | |||||
ß | S.E | P value | ß | S.E | P value | |
Change in material hardship | ||||||
No → No | Ref | Ref | ||||
No → Yes | 2.28 | 0.20 | < .0001 | 3.41 | 0.26 | < .0001 |
Yes → No | 0.45 | 0.16 | 0.0045 | 0.84 | 0.21 | < .0001 |
Yes → Yes | 2.82 | 0.24 | < .0001 | 3.98 | 0.30 | < .0001 |
Prior year depression status | ||||||
No | Ref | Ref | ||||
Yes | 3.14 | 0.19 | < .0001 | 2.93 | 0.18 | < .0001 |
Age (years) | ||||||
19–29 | Ref | Ref | ||||
30–39 | 0.84 | 0.19 | < .0001 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.3794 |
40–49 | 1.30 | 0.20 | < .0001 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.9372 |
50–59 | 1.95 | 0.24 | < .0001 | 0.76 | 0.28 | 0.0068 |
60–69 | 2.30 | 0.26 | < .0001 | 1.09 | 0.32 | 0.0007 |
≥ 70 | 3.52 | 0.27 | < .0001 | 2.90 | 0.33 | < .0001 |
Region | ||||||
Metropolitan | Ref | Ref | ||||
Rural | -0.17 | 0.11 | 0.1190 | -0.04 | 0.13 | 0.7340 |
Education level | ||||||
Middle school or under | 0.72 | 0.19 | 0.0002 | 1.44 | 0.25 | < .0001 |
High school | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.4331 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.0496 |
College or above | Ref | Ref | ||||
Marital status | ||||||
Living w spouse | Ref | Ref | ||||
Living w/o spouse | 2.15 | 0.15 | < .0001 | 1.36 | 0.16 | < .0001 |
Income level | ||||||
Low | 1.98 | 0.15 | < .0001 | 2.05 | 0.18 | < .0001 |
Lower middle | 1.00 | 0.11 | < .0001 | 1.13 | 0.14 | < .0001 |
Upper middle | 0.56 | 0.09 | < .0001 | 0.53 | 0.12 | < .0001 |
High | Ref | Ref | ||||
NBLGS* status | ||||||
Non-beneficiary | Ref | Ref | ||||
Beneficiary | 2.05 | 0.30 | < .0001 | 1.93 | 0.30 | < .0001 |
Current smoking status | ||||||
Non-smoker | Ref | Ref | ||||
Current smoker | 0.69 | 0.10 | < .0001 | 1.72 | 0.40 | < .0001 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Non-drinkers | Ref | Ref | ||||
Once a week or less | -0.59 | 0.11 | < .0001 | -0.11 | 0.12 | 0.3700 |
2–3 times a week | -0.70 | 0.13 | < .0001 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.6883 |
More than 4 times a week | -0.26 | 0.16 | 0.0920 | 0.59 | 0.43 | 0.1741 |
Disability status | ||||||
Not disabled | Ref | Ref | ||||
Disabled (no grade, grade 4–7) | 0.96 | 0.22 | < .0001 | 1.09 | 0.33 | 0.0011 |
Disabled (grade 1–3) | 2.62 | 0.40 | < .0001 | 2.05 | 0.55 | 0.0002 |
Chronic diseases | ||||||
No | Ref | Ref | ||||
Yes | 1.02 | 0.09 | < .0001 | 1.23 | 0.13 | < .0001 |
Year | ||||||
2009 | Ref | Ref | ||||
2010 | -1.10 | 0.17 | < .0001 | 0.95 | 0.84 | 0.2608 |
2011 | -1.52 | 0.16 | < .0001 | -0.01 | 0.82 | 0.9913 |
2012 | -2.32 | 0.16 | < .0001 | -2.45 | 0.73 | 0.0008 |
2013 | -1.97 | 0.16 | < .0001 | -2.57 | 0.69 | 0.0002 |
2014 | -1.09 | 0.16 | < .0001 | -1.90 | 0.69 | 0.0060 |
2015 | -2.43 | 0.16 | < .0001 | -2.96 | 0.70 | < .0001 |
2016 | -2.34 | 0.17 | < .0001 | -2.99 | 0.69 | < .0001 |
2017 | -2.28 | 0.17 | < .0001 | -3.17 | 0.69 | < .0001 |