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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of GLOBE respondents

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in health behaviors: exploring mediation pathways through material conditions and time orientation

  

Educational level (2004)

Total

Lowest

Low

Middle

High

N = 2692a

N = 196

N = 896

N = 604

N = 891

Age (2004)

 Mean (SD)

55.2 (13.6)

63.1 (10.9)

59.9 (10.8)

50.9 (13.5)

50.5 (13.9)

Gender (2004), %

 Female

53.6

65.8

64.1

47.8

42.9

 Male

46.4

34.2

35.9

52.2

57.0

 NA

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

Time orientation (2011)

 Mean (SD)

3.2 (0.5)

3.0 (0.5)

3.2 (0.5)

3.3 (0.5)

3.4 (0.4)

 Range

1.1–4.8

1.2–4.2

1.1–4.7

1.8–4.8

1.8–4.5

 NA, %

20.2

19.9

16.6

20.5

23.5

Financial strain (2011), %

 No difficulty

76.7

57.7

72.8

74.5

87.0

 Some difficulty

19.2

32.7

22.5

21.7

10.7

 Great difficulty

2.9

7.1

2.9

3.6

1.7

 NA

1.2

2.6

1.8

0.2

0.7

Housing tenure (2011), %

 Owned home

68.6

26.0

57.7

72.8

87.8

 Rented home

30.2

72.4

40.4

26.2

12.0

 NA

1.2

1.5

1.9

1.0

0.2

Monthly income group (2011), %

 0–1200 Euros

7.7

28.1

10.7

4.0

1.7

 1200–1800 Euros

17.3

33.2

25.8

16.1

5.6

 1800–2600 Euros

25.4

13.8

30.1

30.8

18.9

 2600–4000 Euros

26.5

4.6

15.6

32.3

39.7

 > 4000 Euros

11.7

0.5

3.3

8.6

25.8

 Unknown/refuse to say/NA

11.4

19.9

14.4

8.3

8.3

Smoking status (2014), %

 Non-smoker

87.6

87.6

81.6

86.4

85.3

 Smoker

11.3

15.8

11.6

14.2

8.1

 NA

1.2

2.6

2.0

0.5

0.3

Sports participation (2014), %

 Inactive

40.3

62.2

46.9

36.9

30.3

 Little active

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.3

2.9

 Moderately active

12.9

5.1

11.0

15.1

15.8

 Active

34.9

17.3

29.0

37.6

43.5

 NA

10.1

13.8

11.7

9.1

7.4

BMI (2014), %

 Underweight

0.9

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.9

 Normal

41.3

36.7

33.9

39.1

51.3

 Overweight

41.0

34.7

45.5

44.4

35.9

 Obese

14.5

22.4

17.0

14.4

10.3

 NA

2.3

4.6

2.6

1.7

1.6

Self-assessed health (2014), %

 Poor

2.2

7.1

2.6

1.7

1.0

 Fair

16.5

33.2

22.8

11.4

8.3

 Good

50.7

47.4

54.0

51.5

48.1

 Very good

22.1

10.2

15.0

26.5

29.4

 Excellent

7.9

0.5

4.8

8.4

12.8

 NA

0.7

1.5

0.9

0.5

0.3

  1. P-values from Pearson chi-square tests for independence for all variables by educational level were < 0.001, indicating that the null hypotheses of each variable being independent of educational level could be rejected
  2. BMI body mass index, NA missing values, SD standard deviation
  3. a N = 105 respondents had missing data for educational level (N = 97) or reported having “Other” education (N = 8)