Table 1 Mapping supply and demand determinants with Tanahashi levels of coverage

Supply side determinants of the health system (those aspects of the health system which relate to the production of healthcare).

• Availability coverage – The availability of resources such as health workers, health facilities, drugs determines the extent to which a service can be provided.

• Accessibility coverage – Defines the population who can use or access the service. A service has to be geographically accessible, located within reasonable reach of people who need it and financially affordable.

Demand side determinants (those aspects operating at individual, household or community level, which influence the ability of an individual to identify illness, and willingness to seek and use appropriate health care).

• Acceptability coverage – This domain defines the people who can access the service, are willing to use it and finds it acceptable for example in terms of costs, waiting time, beliefs.

• Contact coverage – These are people who have been in contact with the service provider and have utilised the service.

• Effectiveness coverage – The proportion of the population in need of an intervention that receive an effective intervention.