Decomposition of gendered income-related inequalities in multiple biological cardiovascular risk factors in a middle-aged population

Mosquera, Paola A.; San Sebastian, Miguel; Ivarsson, Anneli; Gustafsson, Per E.

doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0804-2

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 4 Decomposition of income-related inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in men aged 40- and 50-years old in 2008–2010 in Northern Sweden (N = 5350)

From: Decomposition of gendered income-related inequalities in multiple biological cardiovascular risk factors in a middle-aged population

	BMI		Abdominal Obesity		Cholesterol		Triglycerides		Hyperglycemia		Blood pressure		HDL levels		LDL levels
	Cont to C	Adj %	Cont to C	Adj %	Cont to C	Adj %	Cont to C	Adj %	Cont to C	Adj %	Cont to C	Adj %	Cont to C	Adj %	Cont to C	Adj %
Demographic variables
Age	-0.0011	0.7	0.0019	0.0	0.0068	0.0	0.0006	0.0	0.0080	0.0	0.0119	0.0	-0.0034	2.7	0.0070	0.0
40 yrs
50 yrs	-0.0011	0.7	0.0019		0.0068		0.0006		0.0080		0.0119		-0.0034	2.7	0.0070
Year of participation	0.0018	0.5	0.0033	0.4	0.0089	0.8	0.0005	1.7	0.0011	0.0	0.0054	0.1	-0.0192	20.1	0.0070	0.5
2008
2009	-0.0008	0.5	-0.0006	0.4	-0.0008	0.8	-0.0016	1.7	0.0004		-0.0001	0.1	0.0067		-0.0005	0.5
2010	0.0026		0.0039		0.0097		0.0021		0.0007		0.0055		-0.0259	20.1	0.0075
Subtotal	0.0007	1.2	0.0052	0.4	0.0157	0.8	0.0011	1.7	0.0090	0.0	0.0173	0.1	-0.0226	22.8	0.0141	0.5
Socioeconomic conditions
Total earned income	-0.0430	27.4	-0.0354	26.8	-0.0101	12.4	-0.0162	23.2	-0.0998	50.0	-0.0368	26.2	-0.0140	14.5	-0.0062	13.1
Lowest quintile	-0.0330	21.0	-0.0282	21.2	-0.0035	3.4	-0.0214	23.2	-0.0809	37.5	-0.0275	17.5	-0.0077	6.0	0.0029
2	-0.0031	2.0	-0.0034	2.5	0.0026		0.0024		-0.0268	12.4	-0.0136	8.7	0.0047		0.0041
3	0.0000	0.0	0.0000		0.0000	0.0	0.0000		-0.0002	0.1	0.0000	0.0	0.0000		0.0002
4	-0.0069	4.4	-0.0039	3.0	-0.0092	9.0	0.0027		0.0082		0.0044		-0.0110	8.5	-0.0135	13.1
Highest quintile
Education level	-0.0310	25.6	-0.0256	24.6	-0.0161	21.2	-0.0178	22.2	-0.0187	13.7	-0.0310	23.9	-0.0205	15.9	-0.0116	16.0
Compulsory education up to 9 yrs	-0.0100	6.4	-0.0065	4.9	-0.0015	1.5	-0.0059	6.3	-0.0083	3.8	-0.0096	6.1	-0.0050	3.9	-0.0050	4.9
Secondary education up to 2 yrs	-0.0281	17.9	-0.0246	18.5	-0.0202	19.8	-0.0137	14.9	-0.0201	9.3	-0.0266	16.9	-0.0138	10.7	-0.0115	11.1
Secondary education 3 yrs	-0.0020	1.3	-0.0015	1.1	0.0000	0.0	-0.0010	1.0	-0.0011	0.5	-0.0013	0.8	-0.0014	1.1	0.0000	0.0
Post-secondary less than 3 yrs	0.0091		0.0070		0.0056		0.0027		0.0108		0.0065		-0.0004	0.3	0.0049
Post-secondary 3 yrs or more and postgraduate
Occupation	-0.0069	4.5	-0.0052	4.4	0.0181	0.4	-0.0032	3.5	-0.0147	6.9	-0.0116	13.2	0.0208	4.2	-0.0016	12.2
Managers & Upper professionals
Middle non-manual	-0.0040	2.5	-0.0045	3.4	0.0062		0.0000		-0.0009	0.4	0.0091		-0.0054	4.2	0.0110
Lower non-manual	-0.0006	0.4	-0.0001	0.0	-0.0004	0.4	-0.0009	1.0	0.0002		-0.0024	1.5	0.0019		-0.0002	0.2
Skilled manual	-0.0024	1.5	0.0006		0.0115		-0.0007	0.8	-0.0041	1.9	-0.0175	11.1	0.0209		-0.0105	10.2
Unskilled manual	0.0000		-0.0012	0.9	0.0008		-0.0015	1.7	-0.0099	4.6	-0.0009	0.6	0.0033		-0.0018	1.8
Immigrant status	0.0013		0.0006		0.0015		-0.0018	1.9	-0.0043	2.0	0.0027		-0.0049	3.8	0.0025
Subtotal	-0.0796	57.5	-0.0656	55.7	-0.0065	34.0	-0.0390	50.8	-0.1374	72.6	-0.0767	63.3	-0.0187	38.5	-0.0169	41.3
Family conditions
Civil status	-0.0069	5.0	-0.0098	8.0	-0.0088	10.4	-0.0020	2.3	-0.0144	7.2	-0.0023	2.1	-0.0052	4.3	-0.0025	4.6
Unmarried
Married	-0.0078	5.0	-0.0106	8.0	-0.0106	10.4	-0.0020	2.2	-0.0156	7.2	-0.0032	2.0	-0.0056	4.3	-0.0048	4.6
Divorced	0.0005		0.0004		0.0012		-0.0001	0.1	0.0012		0.0010		0.0002		0.0017
Widowed	0.0004		0.0004		0.0006		0.0001		0.0000	0.0	-0.0001	0.1	0.0001		0.0005
Children in household	-0.0098	6.2	-0.0086	6.5	-0.0140	13.7	-0.0094	10.2	-0.0090	4.2	-0.0165	10.5	-0.0026	2.0	-0.0128	12.4
Subtotal	-0.0167	11.2	-0.0184	14.5	-0.0227	24.1	-0.0114	12.4	-0.0234	11.4	-0.0188	12.6	-0.0078	6.3	-0.0153	17.0
Geographical area
Coastal with hospital
Coastal without hospital	-0.0029	1.9	-0.0040	3.0	-0.0068	6.7	-0.0004	0.5	0.0031		-0.0063	4.0	-0.0023	1.8	-0.0045	4.4
Inland with hospital	-0.0009	0.6	-0.0003	0.3	-0.0016	1.5	0.0002		-0.0004	0.2	-0.0023	1.5	-0.0001	0.1	-0.0011	1.1
Inland without hospital	-0.0047	3.0	-0.0010	0.7	-0.0087	8.5	-0.0016	1.8	0.0050		-0.0112	7.1	-0.0056	4.4	-0.0107	10.4
Other	-0.0001	0.1	-0.0002	0.1	0.0001		-0.0003	0.3	0.0000	0.0	0.0000		-0.0014	1.1	0.0001
Subtotal	-0.0086	5.5	-0.0055	4.2	-0.0170	16.8	-0.0022	2.6	0.0076	0.2	-0.0198	12.6	-0.0094	7.3	-0.0162	15.8
Behavioural factors
Physical activity	-0.0224	14.3	-0.0192	14.5	-0.0079	7.7	-0.0150	16.3	-0.0140	6.5	-0.0140	8.9	-0.0250	19.4	-0.0098	9.5
Sedentary	-0.0166	10.6	-0.0136	10.3	-0.0051	5.0	-0.0105	11.4	-0.0096	4.5	-0.0129	8.2	-0.0147	11.4	-0.0053	5.1
Moderate activity	-0.0058	3.7	-0.0056	4.2	-0.0028	2.8	-0.0045	4.9	-0.0043	2.0	-0.0011	0.7	-0.0103	8.0	-0.0045	4.4
Physically active
Smoking	-0.0068	4.4	-0.0058	4.3	-0.0051	5.0	-0.0074	8.0	-0.0044	2.0	0.0043	0.0	-0.0049	3.8	0.0000	0.2
Never smoked
Former smokers	-0.0032	2.0	-0.0016	1.2	-0.0012	1.2	-0.0008	0.8	-0.0022	1.0	0.0015		-0.0004	0.3	-0.0002	0.2
Current smokers	-0.0037	2.4	-0.0041	3.1	-0.0039	3.8	-0.0066	7.2	-0.0022	1.0	0.0028		-0.0046	3.6	0.0002
Snus	-0.0007	0.5	-0.0005	0.8	-0.0006	2.1	-0.0015	1.8	0.0003	0.0	0.0003	0.0	-0.0001	0.5	-0.0003	1.2
Never used
Former users	0.0001		0.0006		0.0015		0.0002		0.0000		0.0001		-0.0007	0.5	0.0009
Current users	-0.0008	0.5	-0.0010	0.8	-0.0021	2.1	-0.0016	1.8	0.0002		0.0002		0.0006		-0.0013	1.2
Alcohol disorder test	-0.0008	0.5	-0.0009	0.7	-0.0021	2.0	-0.0005	0.8	-0.0015	0.7	-0.0015	0.9	0.0029	0.0	-0.0027	2.6
Not at risk
Probably risk alcohol consumption	-0.0007	0.5	-0.0009	0.7	-0.0009	0.9	-0.0008	0.8	-0.0001	0.0	-0.0008	0.5	0.0014		-0.0007	0.7
Probably alcohol dependence	0.0000	0.0	0.0000		-0.0012	1.1	0.0002		-0.0014	0.7	-0.0006	0.4	0.0014		-0.0020	2.0
Subtotal	-0.0308	19.7	-0.0263	20.3	-0.0157	16.9	-0.0245	26.9	-0.0196	9.2	-0.0108	9.8	-0.0272	23.8	-0.0129	13.6
Psychosocial factors
Availability of social interaction	0.0106		-0.0031	2.3	-0.0004	0.4	0.0078		0.0046		0.0093		0.0042		-0.0042	4.0
Availability of attachment	-0.0018	1.2	-0.0010	0.7	-0.0006	0.6	-0.0010	1.1	-0.0008	0.4	0.0022		-0.0006	0.5	-0.0003	0.3
Job strain	0.0048	3.8	0.0047	1.8	0.0063	6.6	0.0037	4.5	0.0011	6.2	0.0111	1.6	-0.0007	0.7	0.0149	7.6
Low strain
Passive	-0.0020	1.3	0.0011		-0.0047	4.6	-0.0019	2.1	-0.0090	4.2	0.0027		-0.0009	0.7	-0.0039	3.8
Active	0.0107		0.0060		0.0130		0.0079		0.0146		0.0110		0.0000	0.0	0.0227
High strain	-0.0039	2.5	-0.0024	1.8	-0.0020	2.0	-0.0023	2.5	-0.0045	2.1	-0.0025	1.6	0.0002		-0.0039	3.7
Subtotal	0.0135	5.0	0.0006	4.9	0.0053	7.5	0.0105	5.6	0.0050	6.6	0.0227	1.6	0.0028	1.2	0.0104	11.9
Inequality (total)	-0.1259		-0.1172		-0.0333		-0.0850		-0.1661		-0.0531		-0.0828		-0.0272
Standard error	0.0187		0.0164		0.0214		0.0159		0.0213		0.0194		0.0230		0.0253
Residual	-0.0043		-0.0071		0.0077		-0.0195		-0.0074		0.0330		0.0004		0.0096

BMI Body Mass Index, LDL Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HDL High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Cont to C Contribution to C, Adj % Adjusted percentage. Bold numbers indicate relative contribution per variable; relative contribution per group of variables (Subtotal); and significant (p<0.05) concentration indices (Inequality (total)

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