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Table 1 Distribution of study sample by NHIS status, selected socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviours

From: Examining equity in health insurance coverage: an analysis of Ghana’s National Health Insurance Scheme

Variable

Percentage (n) / Mean ± Standard deviation

Females

Males

NHIS Status

 Covered

38.9 (1877)

29.7 (1355)

 Not covered

61.1 (2944)

70.3 (3213)

Socio-demographic characteristics

Age

 15–19

20.5 (990)

19.9 (911)

 20–24

18.0 (868)

15.4 (704)

 25–29

17.0 (819)

13.7 (624)

 30–34

13.2 (636)

11.7 (533)

 35–39

13.1 (630)

11.6 (528)

 40–44

9.5 (458)

8.6 (394)

 45–49

8.7 (419)

8.0 (364)

 50–54

na

6.5 (297)

 55–59

na

4.7 (213)

Parity

2.33 ± 2.46

na

Household size

5.08 ± 2.69

4.55 ± 2.86

Marital status

 Never married

32.2 (1550)

42.5 (1942)

 Married/In union

58.8 (2832)

54.6 (2404)

 Formerly married

9.1 (438)

4.8 (221)

Highest level of education attained

 No formal education

21.2 (1023)

14.3 (652)

 Primary

20.2 (972)

14.5 (661)

 Middle

41.5 (2001)

42.6 (1947)

 Secondary

13.2 (638)

19.7 (898)

 Tertiary/Higher

3.9 (187)

9.0 (410)

Type of occupation

  

 Not working

23.2 (1117)

21.6 (988)

 Professional/Technical/Managerial

5.0 (240)

17.0 (775)

 Sales/Services

39.9 (1925)

6.6 (302)

 Agricultural

23.4 (1127)

34.3 (1567)

 Manual

8.5 (411)

20.5 (935)

Wealth status

 Poorest

15.8 (759)

17.7 (809)

 Poorer

18.2 (877)

17.8 (815)

 Middle

19.9 (961)

17.2 (784)

 Richer

23.0 (1109)

23.6 (1079)

 Richest

23.1 (1114)

23.7 (1081)

Place of residence

 Urban

48.5 (2340)

46.5 (2125)

 Rural

51.5 (2481)

53.5 (2443)

Region of residence

 Western

9.2 (444)

10.5 (479)

 Central

8.6 (416)

8.2 (376)

 Greater Accra

17.3 (832)

16.1 (735)

 Volta

8.7 (419)

9.2 (419)

 Eastern

9.8 (474)

10.3 (470)

 Ashanti

20.7 (1000)

18.8 (857)

 Brong Ahafo

8.8 (423)

8.4 (385)

 Northern

9.5 (456)

10.4 (477)

 Upper East

4.9 (237)

5.5 (249)

 Upper West

2.5 (120)

2.6 (120)

Lifestyle risk factors

Alcohol consumption

 Yes

17.5 (844)

36.7 (2890)

 No

82.5 (3977)

63.3 (2890)

Physical activity

1.74 ± 2.38

2.93 ± 2.60

Body mass index (kg/m2)

23.6 ± 4.80

na

Total (N)

100.0 (4821)

100.0 (4658)

  1. na not applicable