From: Factors associated with multiple barriers to access to primary care: an international analysis
 | Country average (%) | Range | Australia | Canada | New Zealand | United Kingdom | United States | Germany | Netherlands | France | Norway | Sweden | Switzerland | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent variables - population characteristics | ||||||||||||||
Age | 65 years and over | 21 | (17, 25) | 17 | 19 | 19 | 22 | 19 | 25 | 22 | 25 | 21 | 25 | 22 |
Sex | Female | 51 | (50, 53) | 50 | 52 | 53 | 51 | 52 | 51 | 51 | 52 | 50 | 50 | 51 |
Income | Below-average | 38 | (24, 50) | 40 | 39 | 31 | 29 | 40 | 38 | 24 | 47 | 41 | 38 | 50 |
Chronic conditions | Mental health condition(s) w/wo physical | 13 | (4, 23) | 13 | 20 | 13 | 11 | 23 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 16 | 20 | 13 |
Physical health condition(s) | 35 | (29, 39) | 29 | 39 | 34 | 31 | 39 | 32 | 32 | 36 | 39 | 37 | 35 | |
Immigrant status | Not born in the country | 17 | (70, 93) | 23 | 18 | 19 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 8 | 21 | 7 | 14 | 30 |
Hospitalization | Hospitalized overnight | 18 | (14, 30) | 16 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 14 | 18 | 30 | 20 | 18 | 23 |
Dependent variables - Barriers to access to PC | ||||||||||||||
Before reaching PC | No doctor | 15 | (1, 58) | 14 | 15 | 11 | 19 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 58 | 15 |
aHave a regular place of care | 95 | (92, 100) | 94 | 93 | 96 | 94 | 88 | 99 | 100 | 99 | 98 | 92 | 90 | |
After-hours access very difficult | 24 | (6, 42) | 17 | 37 | 14 | 25 | 28 | 35 | 6 | 17 | 17 | 42 | 22 | |
Over five days to get appointment | 18 | (4, 31) | 8 | 31 | 4 | 18 | 22 | 27 | 6 | 18 | 27 | 27 | 10 | |
No timely response to call | 19 | (12, 33) | 14 | 33 | 17 | 21 | 28 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 22 | 24 | 12 | |
Skipped test or medication due to cost | 11 | (4, 28) | 11 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 28 | 7 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 8 | 17 | |
Skipped GP consult due to cost | 9 | (3, 22) | 9 | 6 | 14 | 4 | 22 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 20 | |
Any barrier before reaching PC | 53 | (25, 80) | 42 | 68 | 40 | 52 | 67 | 66 | 25 | 47 | 48 | 80 | 50 | |
After reaching PC | Care not coordinated | 28 | (18, 40) | 19 | 22 | 19 | 24 | 28 | 40 | 25 | 37 | 34 | 40 | 18 |
GP did not spend enough time | 16 | (6, 26) | 8 | 20 | 12 | 15 | 19 | 14 | 6 | 16 | 21 | 26 | 13 | |
Medical history not known | 16 | (4, 29) | 14 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 17 | 11 | 4 | 24 | 19 | 29 | 17 | |
Unclear explanations | 12 | (4, 27) | 7 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 4 | 27 | 16 | 17 | 9 | |
Any barrier after reaching PC | 38 | (24, 58) | 29 | 37 | 29 | 32 | 39 | 47 | 24 | 58 | 42 | 48 | 33 | |
Multiple barriers | Two or more barriers before reaching PC | 21 | (6, 38) | 15 | 33 | 17 | 18 | 38 | 15 | 6 | 18 | 17 | 36 | 19 |
Two or more barriers after reaching PC | 16 | (5, 30) | 10 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 5 | 30 | 20 | 24 | 12 |