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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of incident dialysis patients in Aotearoa/New Zealand, according to indigenous status

From: Inequity in dialysis related practices and outcomes in Aotearoa/New Zealand: a Kaupapa Māori analysis

 

Whole Cohort

Cohort after propensity matching

 

Non-Māori n = 3312

Māori n = 1459

Standardised Difference

Non-Māori n = 1026

Māori n = 1039

Standardised Difference

Age, yearsa

58 (15)

56 (12)

0.15

55 (13)

55 (12)

0.03

Womena

1310 (40)

601 (41)

−0.02

564 (39)

595 (41)

−0.04

Domicile Code

 Urban

2728 (83)

981 (67)

0.38

1270 (88)

974 (67)

0.52

 Semi-urban

342 (10)

268 (18)

−0.23

130 (9)

264 (18)

−0.27

 Rural

234 (7)

206 (14)

−0.23

45 (3)

206 (14)

−0.50

Deprivation scorea

 1 to 5

1184 (36)

206 (14)

0.53

202 (14)

205 (14)

0.00

 6 to 8

1086 (33)

396 (27)

0.13

426 (29)

393 (27)

0.04

 9 to 10

1034 (31)

854 (59)

−0.59

817 (57)

847 (59)

−0.04

Smoking statusa

 Never

1663 (50)

406 (28)

0.46

441 (31)

402 (28)

0.07

 Former

1243 (38)

679 (47)

−0.18

652 (45)

671 (46)

−0.02

 Current

404 (12)

373 (26)

−0.36

352 (24)

372 (26)

−0.05

Laboratory variables

 Serum creatinine μmol/L

721 (333)

783 (350)

−0.18

753 (322)

782 (350)

−0.09

 Haemoglobin, g/L

110 (17)

108 (17)

0.12

109 (17)

108 (17)

0.06

 Body mass index kg/m2a

28 (7)

33 (8)

−0.67

33 (9)

33 (8)

0.00

Primary renal disease

 Diabetesa

1143 (35)

1010 (69)

−0.72

940 (65)

1001 (69)

−0.09

 Hypertension/ischaemic

446 (14)

80 (5)

0.31

88 (6)

79 (5)

0.04

 Glomerulonephritis

941 (28)

228 (16)

0.29

250 (17)

228 (16)

0.03

 Polycystic kidney disease

241 (7)

23 (2)

0.24

37 (3)

22 (2)

0.06

 Urological

146 (4)

25 (2)

012

35 (2)

25 (2)

0.00

 Other

395 (12)

93 (6)

0.21

95 (7)

90 (6)

0.04

Comorbid medical conditions

 Diabetes

 Type 1

116 (4)

27 (2)

0.12

69 (5)

27 (2)

0.16

 Type 2

1241 (37)

1042 (72)

−0.75

1014 (70)

1033 (71)

−0.02

 Coronary artery disease

875 (26)

410 (28)

−0.05

415 (29)

402 (28)

0.02

 Peripheral vascular disease

458 (14)

281 (19)

−0.14

260 (18)

273 (19)

−0.03

 Cerebrovascular disease

373 (11)

156 (11)

0

181 (13)

153 (11)

0.06

 Chronic lung disease

354 (11)

275 (19)

−0.23

196 (14)

273 (19)

−0.14

 Cancer

692 (21)

204 (14)

0.19

192 (13)

203 (14)

−0.03

Year of starting renal replacement therapy

 2002–2003

609 (18)

282 (19)

−0.03

260 (18)

274 (19)

−0.03

 2004–2006

955 (29)

430 (30)

−0.02

366 (25)

393 (27)

−0.05

 2007–2008

643 (19)

289 (20)

−0.03

366 (25)

413 (29)

−0.09

 2009–2011

1105 (34)

458 (31)

0.06

453 (31)

365 (25)

0.13

  1. Data are presented as number (proportion) or mean (SD). Standardised differences of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 can be considered to represent small, medium and large differences [25, 38]. Deprivation based on NZDep13 which is a socio economic deprivation index used in Aotearoa/New Zealand where 10 = lowest decile (most deprived) and 1 = highest decile (least deprived) [19]. Urban is defined as most urbanised areas of Aotearoa/New Zealand, semi-urban is defined as towns and settlements without significant dependence on main urban centers, and rural is defined as areas with low urban influence [21]. a Variables included in the propensity score modeling