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Table 3 Discrimination by participant characteristics and health outcomes, General Social Survey 2012

From: Multiple forms of discrimination and relationships with health and wellbeing: findings from national cross-sectional surveys in Aotearoa/New Zealand

 

Total

Racism only (R1)

Racism plus one (R2)

Racism 3+ (R3+)

No R, one other (D1)

No R, 2 others (D2)

No R, 3 + (D3+)

None

 

n

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

n

% (95% CI)

Total (n)

8462

253

3.1 (2.6, 3.6)

82

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

113

1.4 (1.1, 1.8)

262

2.9 (2.4, 3.4)

69

0.6 (0.4, 0.8)

50

0.5 (0.4, 0.7)

7633

90.5 (89.5, 91.4)

Ethnicity

 Māori

1114

44

3.9 (2.5, 5.4)

27

2.1 (1.3, 3.0)

41

4.2 (2.6, 5.7)

44

4.0 (2.3, 5.7)

16

1.1 (0.4, 1.8)

6

0.3 (0.0, 0.7)

936

84.3 (81.5, 87.1)

 Pacific

421

24

4.2 (2.3, 6.1)

6

1.6 (0.0, 3.2)

17

3.1 (1.2, 5.1)

6

1.1 (0.2, 1.9)

4

0.4 (0.0, 0.9)

0

–

364

89.6 (86.4, 92.8)

 Asian

647

70

8.5 (6.3, 10.7)

22

3.1 (1.6, 4.7)

10

2.5 (0.3, 4.7)

13

1.5 (0.7, 2.4)

0

–

1

0.1 (0.0, 0.2)

531

84.3 (80.7, 87.8)

 European/Other

6348

118

2.0 (1.5, 2.4)

30

0.4 (0.2, 0.5)

52

0.7 (0.5, 1.0)

200

3.1 (2.4, 3.7)

49

0.7 (0.4, 0.9)

43

0.7 (0.4, 0.9)

5856

92.5 (91.7, 93.4)

Age group

 15–24

935

25

2.4 (1.3, 3.5)

14

1.5 (0.5, 2.4)

22

2.4 (0.7, 4.1)

39

3.7 (2.2, 5.1)

11

0.7 (0.2, 1.3)

9

0.6 (0.2, 1.0)

815

88.7 (85.6, 91.8)

 25–34

1217

41

3.9 (2.6, 5.2)

19

1.7 (0.9, 2.5)

22

1.5 (0.8, 2.3)

35

2.3 (1.4, 3.2)

14

0.9 (0.4, 1.5)

10

0.8 (0.2, 1.3)

1076

88.8 (86.8, 90.9)

 35–44

1467

58

3.9 (2.5, 5.3)

13

0.6 (0.2, 0.9)

32

2.1 (1.1, 3.1)

47

3.2 (2.0, 4.5)

9

0.4 (0.1, 0.7)

7

0.4 (0.1, 0.8)

1301

89.3 (87.1, 91.5)

 45–54

1519

68

4.5 (3.0, 5.9)

17

1.0 (0.4, 1.5)

20

1.4 (0.7, 2.1)

57

3.6 (2.2, 5.0)

15

0.8 (0.2, 1.3)

14

0.6 (0.2, 1.0)

1328

88.2 (86.0, 90.4)

 55–64

1379

35

2.0 (1.1, 2.9)

13

0.7 (0.2, 1.1)

12

0.7 (0.2, 1.2)

54

3.5 (2.4, 4.6)

16

0.9 (0.4, 1.5)

8

0.6 (0.0, 1.2)

1241

91.6 (89.7, 93.5)

 65–74

1074

19

2.2 (0.9, 3.5)

6

0.5 (0.0, 1.0)

4

0.3 (0.0, 0.7)

18

1.3 (0.6, 1.9)

4

0.2 (0.0, 0.4)

1

0.1 (0.0, 0.3)

1022

95.5 (93.7, 97.2)

 75+

871

7

0.4 (0.1, 0.8)

0

–

1

0.3 (0.0, 0.8)

12

1.0 (0.3, 1.6)

0

–

1

0.2 (0.0, 0.6)

850

98.2 (97.2, 99.1)

Gender

 F

4749

125

2.4 (1.9, 2.9)

45

1.0 (0.6, 1.3)

79

1.7 (1.3, 2.1)

154

3.1 (2.5, 3.8)

44

0.8 (0.4, 1.1)

31

0.6 (0.4, 0.8)

4271

90.4 (89.2, 91.7)

 M

3713

128

3.7 (2.8, 4.7)

37

0.9 (0.6, 1.3)

34

1.1 (0.6, 1.7)

108

2.7 (2.0, 3.4)

25

0.5 (0.2, 0.7)

19

0.5 (0.2, 0.7)

3362

90.5 (89.1, 92.0)

Education

 No secondary qualification

2041

49

2.5 (1.6, 3.4)

21

1.0 (0.5, 1.5)

20

1.1 (0.5, 1.8)

57

2.7 (1.7, 3.6)

11

0.6 (0.2, 1.1)

8

0.5 (0.1, 0.8)

1875

91.6 (89.9, 93.4)

 At least secondary qualification

6412

204

3.2 (2.7, 3.8)

61

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

93

1.5 (1.1, 1.9)

205

3.0 (2.4, 3.5)

58

0.6 (0.4, 0.9)

41

0.5 (0.3, 0.7)

5750

90.2 (89.1, 91.2)

NZ Dep Quintiles

 1

1418

27

2.4 (1.3, 3.5)

6

0.4 (0.1, 0.7)

10

0.8 (0.2, 1.5)

29

1.8 (1.0, 2.7)

5

0.4 (0.0, 0.7)

4

0.3 (0.0, 0.5)

1337

94.0 (92.5, 95.5)

 2

1494

31

2.3 (1.4, 3.3)

8

0.6 (0.0, 1.2)

16

1.0 (0.5, 1.6)

43

3.2 (1.8, 4.6)

10

0.5 (0.2, 0.9)

7

0.4 (0.0, 0.8)

1379

91.9 (89.9, 93.9)

 3

1534

40

3.0 (2.0, 4.0)

11

0.8 (0.3, 1.3)

23

1.5 (0.8, 2.2)

46

3.0 (1.8, 4.1)

16

0.8 (0.4, 1.1)

6

0.4 (0.1, 0.6)

1392

90.6 (89.0, 92.3)

 4

2094

76

3.8 (2.7, 4.9)

26

1.3 (0.7, 1.9)

29

2.1 (0.8, 3.3)

77

3.7 (2.5, 4.8)

17

0.7 (0.2, 1.2)

20

1.1 (0.5, 1.7)

1849

87.3 (85.0, 89.7)

 5

1922

79

4.0 (3.0, 5.1)

31

1.9 (1.0, 2.9)

35

1.8 (1.1, 2.5)

67

3.0 (2.0, 3.9)

21

0.9 (0.4, 1.4)

13

0.5 (0.2, 0.9)

1676

87.8 (86.0, 89.7)

Self-rated health

 Poor/fair

1344

56

3.9 (2.5, 5.3)

15

1.4 (0.5, 2.3)

36

2.9 (1.8, 4.1)

60

4.2 (2.9, 5.4)

24

1.6 (0.8, 2.4)

18

1.2 (0.4, 2.0)

1135

84.8 (82.5, 87.1)

 Excellent/very good/good

7112

197

2.9 (2.4, 3.5)

67

0.9 (0.6, 1.1)

77

1.2 (0.8, 1.6)

202

2.7 (2.2, 3.2)

45

0.5 (0.3, 0.7)

32

0.4 (0.3, 0.6)

6492

91.3 (90.4, 92.3)

Life satisfaction

 [Very] dissatisfied

599

34

5.2 (3.1, 7.2)

10

1.1 (0.1, 2.1)

21

4.1 (2.0, 6.2)

39

6.0 (3.5, 8.5)

12

2.1 (0.7, 3.5)

12

1.4 (0.5, 2.3)

471

80.1 (76.4, 83.8)

 [Very] satisfied/ No feeling either way

7856

219

2.9 (2.4, 3.5)

72

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

92

1.3 (0.9, 1.6)

223

2.7 (2.2, 3.2)

57

0.6 (0.4, 0.7)

38

0.5 (0.3, 0.6)

7155

91.1 (90.2, 92.1)

SF-12 Mental Health

 Mean (95% CI)

8405

47.3

(45.5, 49.0)

45.2

(42.5, 47.9)

41.8

(39.5, 44.1)

46.7

(45.0, 48.5)

41.5

(37.3, 45.7)

37.2

(32.3, 42.1)

50.7

(50.4, 51.0)

  1. Table notes: % are weighted, but numbers (n) are unweighted
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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