Social health insurance, healthcare utilization, and costs in middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling adults in China

Table 8 Multiple regression model for OOP healthcare costs in middle-aged and elderly adults

Variables/categories	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.	Coef.	Std. Err.
Health insurance; ref.: Not covered by social health insurance
UEMI	1.128^***	0.267
URMI			0.937^***	0.274
NCMI					0.882^***	0.173
Female, ref. male	−0.556^**	0.188	−0.713^**	0.238	−0.304^***	0.075
Age in years; ref.:<=50
> 50 and <=65	0.818^**	0.263	0.578^*	0.296	0.341^***	0.096
> 65	0.935^***	0.293	0.632	0.364	0.252^*	0.116
Educational level; ref.: Less than lower secondary education
Upper secondary & vocational training	0.307	0.229	0.435	0.336	0.189	0.152
Tertiary education	0.634	0.406	1.915	1.290	1.623	0.919
Marital status; ref.:
Single/divorced/widowed
Married/cohabiting	−0.011	0.261	0.190	0.315	0.075	0.106
Health status (self-reported); ref.: Excellent
Very good	0.681	0.514	1.454^*	0.601	1.711^***	0.236
Good	1.109^*	0.484	0.991^*	0.477	2.100^***	0.222
Fair	2.474^***	0.448	2.607^***	0.509	3.201^***	0.207
Poor	4.143^***	0.480	4.521^***	0.542	4.951^***	0.217
Income level; ref.: Lowest quintile
Second quintile	0.681	0.565	0.682	0.501	0.291^**	0.110
Third quintile	0.716	0.452	0.591	0.458	0.522^***	0.111
Fourth quintile	1.059^**	0.406	0.799^*	0.417	0.440^***	0.120
Highest quintile	0.646^*	0.340	0.700^*	0.389	0.354^**	0.128
Live in Urban or Rural; ref.: urban	−0.040	0.238	0.098	0.279	−0.271^***	0.085

Estimates were weighted using individual sampling weights and adjusted for household and individual responses
Note: *** implies p-value < 0.001, ** indicates p-value < 0.01, * implies p-value < 0.05

ISSN: 1475-9276