Individual-level factors | Number and type of studies a | Reported as barrier | Reported as facilitator | Related to b | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Implementation | Uptake | Sustainability | ||||
Consumer awareness and understanding of scheme | ||||||
 Consumer awareness of scheme | N = 6 Cross-sectional (3); Mixed (3) | N = 2 | N = 4 |  | X |  |
 Consumer understanding of concept of health insurance | N = 15 Qualitative (2); Cross-sectional (5); Mixed (5); Case studies (3) | N = 10 | N = 5 |  | X | X |
Attitude factors | ||||||
 Consumer trust in insurer | N = 12 Qualitative (1); Cross-sectional (6); Mixed (4); Case studies (1) | N = 6 | N = 6 |  | X | X |
 Sense of ownership of scheme | N = 5 Cross-sectional (3); Mixed (2) | N = 1 [53] | N = 4 |  | X | X |
 Perceived financial risk protection | N = 4 Qualitative (2); Mixed (2) | – | N = 4 |  | X | X |
 Perceived quality of care | N = 10 Cross sectional (5); Case study (1); Mixed (4) | N = 6 | N = 4 |  | X | X |
 Satisfaction with services | N = 5 Cross-sectional (5) | N = 3 | N = 2 |  |  | X |
Personal pre-disposition | ||||||
 Previous experience with local groups | N = 5 Cross-sectional (2); Mixed (3) | N = 3 | N = 2 |  | X |  |
 Affordability of care | N = 4 Cross-sectional (2); Qualitative (1); Case study (1) | N = 2 | N = 2 |  | X | X |
 Health status | N = 18 RCT (1); Cross-sectional (12); Mixed (5) | N = 4 | N = 15 |  | X | X |
Socio-demographic factors | ||||||
 Age (middle to old age) | N = 9 Cross-sectional (6); Mixed (3) | – | N = 9 |  | X |  |
 Gender (female) | N = 4 Cross-sectional (3); Mixed (1) | – | N = 4 |  | X |  |
 Being married | N = 4 Cross-sectional (2); Mixed (2) | – | N = 4 |  | X |  |
 Being employed | N = 4 Cross-sectional (3); Mixed (1) | – | N = 4 |  | X |  |
 Ethnicity (minority) | N = 3 Cross-sectional (1); Mixed (1); Case study (1) | N = 3 | – |  | X |  |
 Migration status | N = 1 Cross-sectional (1) | N = 1 [39] | – |  | X |  |
 Religious affiliation (Christian) | N = 4 Cross-sectional (2); Mixed (2) | N = 2 | N = 2 |  | X |  |
 Occupational setting (rural) | N = 2 Cross-sectional (1); Mixed (1) | N = 1 [65] | N = 1 [43] |  | X |  |
 Per capita expenditure (higher level) | N = 4 Cross-sectional (3); Mixed (1) | N = 1 [65] | N = 3 |  | X |  |
 Economic status (higher level) | N = 14 Cross-sectional (9); Mixed (5) | N = 2 | N = 12 |  | X |  |
 Education (higher level) | N = 10 Cross-sectional (7); Mixed (3) | N = 3 | N = 7 |  | X |  |