The impact of rural residence and HIV infection on poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes in a large urban hospital: a retrospective cohort analysis

Table 5 Effect of rural residence on poor treatment outcome stratified by HIV-status and sex showing stratum-specific relative risks (RR) with 95%CIs, TB clinic, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

Variable	Residence	No with poor outcome/person-months	Stratum-specific crude RR for poor treatment outcome (95% CI)	Stratum-specific adjusted RR for poor treatment outcome (95% CI)^a	P-value for interaction (LRT)^b
HIV status
Negative	Urban	159/2725.2	1	1
Negative	Rural	133/526.9	4.32 (3.44–5.45)	4.07 (3.15–5.25)
Positive	Urban	163/1780.1	1	1
Positive	Rural	101/539.3	2.05 (1.60–2.62)	1.99 (1.49–2.64)
Unknown	Urban	58/658.1	1	1
Unknown	Rural	22/147.6	1.69 (1.04–2.76)	1.55 (0.88–2.73)	<0.001
Sex
Male	Urban	218/2678.7	1	1
Male	Rural	159/829.1	2.36 (1.92–2.89)	2.16 (1.71–2.72)
Female	Urban	162/2484.7	1	1
Female	Rural	97/384.7	3.87 (3.01–4.97)	4.08 (3.06–5.44)	0.001

^aadjusted for age, sex, calendar year, referral facility, TB confirmation mode, TB site, HIV status, and previous TB treatment status
^bLikelihood ratio test

ISSN: 1475-9276