Variables | Any outpatient services in the last month | Any inpatient admission in past year | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate OR (95%CI) | Multivariate OR (95%CI) | Univariate OR (95%CI) | Multivariate OR (95%CI) | |
Age (years) | ||||
 20–34 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 35–49 | 1.24 (0.94–1.64) | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 1.32 (0.84–2.06) | 1.06 (0.66–1.72) |
 50–69 | 1.61 (1.17–2.23) | 1.05 (0.70–1.56) | 1.41 (0.85–2.35) | 1.06 (0.60–1.88) |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Female | 1.64 (1.31–2.04) | 1.52 (1.18–1.95)* | 1.96 (1.36–2.81) | 1.82 (1.24–2.68)* |
Race | ||||
 Black | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Coloured | 1.42 (1.07–1.88) | 1.32 (0.84–2.07) | 0.82 (0.52–1.29) | 1.26 (1.23–2.68)* |
 Indian | 1.39 (0.87–2.22) | 1.22 (0.73–2.06) | 1.45 (0.77–2.72) | 1.25 (0.63–2.46) |
 White | 1.51 (1.05–2.19) | 1.37 (0.87–2.14) | 1.06 (0.61–1.84) | 1.19 (0.63–2.24) |
Marital status | ||||
 Married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | – |
 Divorced, widow or separated | 1.28 (0.90–1.82) | 1.18 (0.80–1.73) | 1.35 (0.82–2.21) |  |
 Single | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | 1.30 (0.97–1.75)* | 0.89 (0.61–1.31) |  |
Province | ||||
 Western Cape | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 KwaZulu Natal | 0.64 (0.47–0.87) | 0.71 (0.45–1.12) | 1.45 (0.88–2.37) | 1.52 (0.76–3.03) |
 North West | 0.77 (0.57–1.04) | 0.73 (0.47–1.14) | 1.52 (0.94–2.47) | 1.49 (0.76–2.91) |
 Gauteng | 0.74 (0.55–1.00) | 0.83 (0.53–1.29) | 1.43 (0.88–2.32) | 1.49 (0.76–2.92) |
Sector | ||||
 Health | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | – |
 Education | 1.49 (1.19–1.87) | 1.41 (1.08–1.85)* | 1.09 (0.77–1.54) |  |
Salary grade | ||||
 Lower-skilled | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Skilled | 0.74 (0.50–1.11) | 0.63 (0.40–0.98)* | 1.23 (0.66–2.32) | 1.15 (0.59–2.27) |
 Highly skilled | 1.21 (0.87–1.70) | 0.89 (0.59–1.33) | 1.20 (0.69–2.08) | 1.07 (0.58–1.99) |
 Management | 1.38 (0.92–2.08) | 0.93 (0.57–1.51) | 1.53 (0.81–2.89) | 1.49 (0.73–3.03) |
Overall health status | ||||
 Excellent | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Good | 1.64 (1.24–2.16) | 1.61 (1.20–2.17)* | 1.37 (0.84–2.24) | 1.30 (0.79–2.16) |
 Average | 2.54 (1.86–3.48) | 2.90 (2.04–4.12)* | 2.78 (1.69–4.57)* | 2.64 (1.55–4.50)* |
 Poor or very poor | 3.73 (1.75–7.92) | 4.04 (1.79–9.08)* | 5.88 (2.56–13.49) | 5.51 (2.27–13.34)* |
Insurance status | ||||
 GEMS | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
 Private medical schemes | 1.08 (0.84–1.39) | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) | 1.04 (0.72–1.49) | 1.00 (0.68–1.48) |
 Uninsured | 0.35 (0.96–1.42) | 0.35 (0.25–0.48)* | 0.38 (0.22–0.65) | 0.43 (0.25–0.75)* |