| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | B | (S.E.) | B | (S.E.) | B | (S.E.) | B | (S.E.) |
Fixed effects | ||||||||
 Constant | 7.499 | (0.036)*** | 7.900 | (0.064)*** | 7.799 | (0.063)*** | 7.725 | (0.060)*** |
Individual-level | ||||||||
 Socio-demographics | ||||||||
  Female |  |  | −0.201 | (0.056)** | −0.092 | (0.054)n.s. | −0.073 | (0.053)n.s. |
  Age (ref: 11) | ||||||||
  13 |  |  | −0.312 | (0.079)** | −0.295 | (0.077)** | −0.245 | (0.073)** |
  15 |  |  | −0.548 | (0.078)** | −0.439 | (0.076)** | −0.304 | (0.074)** |
 Socioeconomics | ||||||||
  Family affluence |  |  |  |  | 0.096 | (0.016)** | 0.077 | (0.016)** |
  Perceived wealth |  |  |  |  | 0.538 | (0.037)** | 0.446 | (0.036)** |
 Social capital | ||||||||
  Structural social capital |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.033 | (0.021)n.s. |
  Cognitive social capital |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.689 | (0.041)** |
Class-level | ||||||||
 - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
School-level | ||||||||
 - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Random effects | ||||||||
 Individual-level variance | 3.253 | (0.072)*** | 3.250 | (0.073)*** | 3.002 | (0.067)*** | 2.813 | (0.064)*** |
 Class-level variance | 0.124 | (0.028)** | 0.058 | (0.028)* | 0.057 | (0.026)* | 0.047 | (0.024)* |
 School-level variance | 0.000 | (0.000)n.s. | 0.009 | (0.018)n.s. | 0.011 | (0.017)n.s. | 0.005 | (0.015)n.s. |
 Log likelihood | 17281.1 |  | 17156.0 |  | 16611.4 |  | 16112.9 |  |
 Δ Log likelihood (Δ df) |  |  | 125.1 (3) | 544.6 (2) | 489.5 (2) | |||
 p |  |  | < .001 |  | < .001 |  | < .001 |  |