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Table 1 General characteristics of the study participants in addition to types of social capital

From: Discrimination-related health inequality and role of social capital among marriage migrant women in South Korea

 

Total (n = 40430)

Social capital

None (n = 12553)

Bonding (n = 14518)

Bridging (n = 12359)

Linking (n = 1000)

p *

Weighted proportion, %

100.0

34.0

36.9

26.9

2.2

 

Self-rated poor health, score

2.33 (0.92)

2.36 (0.94)

2.28 (0.90)

2.35 (0.90)

2.50 (0.92)

<.001

Experiences of discrimination, score

2.28 (3.90)

2.18 (3.86)

2.36 (3.90)

2.22 (3.86)

3.44 (4.72)

<.001

Demographics

 Age, year

32.0 (9.4)

33.9 (10.1)

30.9 (8.7)

30.9 (8.8)

35.1 (9.7)

<.001

 Length of residence, month

42.3 (39.9)

37.6 (34.7)

37.5 (32.9)

51.9 (47.8)

80.4 (68.2)

<.001

Country of origin, %

 China

49.4

67.9

49.4

27.6

28.0

<.001

 Vietnam

26.4

18.0

27.2

37.1

13.8

 

 Others

24.2

14.1

23.4

35.3

58.2

 

Household income, %

  < 1 million KRW (US $935)

18.3

19.9

15.3

20.2

20.2

<.001

 1–2 million KRW

37.6

38.4

39.2

34.8

35.8

 

  ≥ 2 million KRW (US $1,870)

27.5

24.8

30.5

26.7

27.7

 

 Missing

16.6

16.9

15.0

18.3

16.3

 

Marital status, %

 Married

93.9

92.4

94.3

95.4

92.6

<.001

 Separated/divorced/widowed

4.1

5.2

4.0

2.9

5.0

 

 Missing

2.0

2.4

1.7

1.7

2.4

 

Educational level, %

 Less than Bachelor’s degree

77.7

82.9

77.5

73.1

56.6

<.001

 Bachelor’s degree or higher

21.5

16.2

21.8

26.2

42.6

 

 Missing

0.8

0.9

0.7

0.7

0.8

 

Economic activity, %

 Unemployed (homemaker)

67.0

63.5

67.6

71.2

60.6

<.001

 Employed

31.8

35.0

31.5

27.8

37.6

 

 Missing

1.1

1.5

0.9

1.0

1.8

 

Additional variables

 Language proficiency, score

8.3 (3.4)

8.1 (3.7)

8.3 (3.2)

8.5 (3.1)

9.0 (3.1)

<.001

 Change of social position, score

−0.5 (2.2)

−0.6 (2.3)

−0.4 (2.2)

−0.3 (2.1)

−0.7 (2.3)

<.001

 Protest against discrimination, %

9.2

8.5

9.8

9.0

13.3

<.001

  1. Source: 2009 National Survey of Multicultural Families, Republic of Korea
  2. Note: The data are presented as weighted proportion or weighted mean (standard deviation) according to the variable characteristics. The nonresponse weight provided from the data source was applied
  3. * p values were calculated between the group values from the chi-squared test (without applying the sample weight) except for six variables of the following; p values for experiences of discrimination and length of residence were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test; p values for self-rated poor health, age, language proficiency, and change of social position were calculated using the one-way ANOVA (F-test)