Total (n = 40430) | Social capital | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None (n = 12553) | Bonding (n = 14518) | Bridging (n = 12359) | Linking (n = 1000) | p * | ||
Weighted proportion, % | 100.0 | 34.0 | 36.9 | 26.9 | 2.2 | |
Self-rated poor health, score | 2.33 (0.92) | 2.36 (0.94) | 2.28 (0.90) | 2.35 (0.90) | 2.50 (0.92) | <.001 |
Experiences of discrimination, score | 2.28 (3.90) | 2.18 (3.86) | 2.36 (3.90) | 2.22 (3.86) | 3.44 (4.72) | <.001 |
Demographics | ||||||
Age, year | 32.0 (9.4) | 33.9 (10.1) | 30.9 (8.7) | 30.9 (8.8) | 35.1 (9.7) | <.001 |
Length of residence, month | 42.3 (39.9) | 37.6 (34.7) | 37.5 (32.9) | 51.9 (47.8) | 80.4 (68.2) | <.001 |
Country of origin, % | ||||||
China | 49.4 | 67.9 | 49.4 | 27.6 | 28.0 | <.001 |
Vietnam | 26.4 | 18.0 | 27.2 | 37.1 | 13.8 | |
Others | 24.2 | 14.1 | 23.4 | 35.3 | 58.2 | |
Household income, % | ||||||
< 1 million KRW (US $935) | 18.3 | 19.9 | 15.3 | 20.2 | 20.2 | <.001 |
1–2 million KRW | 37.6 | 38.4 | 39.2 | 34.8 | 35.8 | |
≥ 2 million KRW (US $1,870) | 27.5 | 24.8 | 30.5 | 26.7 | 27.7 | |
Missing | 16.6 | 16.9 | 15.0 | 18.3 | 16.3 | |
Marital status, % | ||||||
Married | 93.9 | 92.4 | 94.3 | 95.4 | 92.6 | <.001 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 5.0 | |
Missing | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.4 | |
Educational level, % | ||||||
Less than Bachelor’s degree | 77.7 | 82.9 | 77.5 | 73.1 | 56.6 | <.001 |
Bachelor’s degree or higher | 21.5 | 16.2 | 21.8 | 26.2 | 42.6 | |
Missing | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | |
Economic activity, % | ||||||
Unemployed (homemaker) | 67.0 | 63.5 | 67.6 | 71.2 | 60.6 | <.001 |
Employed | 31.8 | 35.0 | 31.5 | 27.8 | 37.6 | |
Missing | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.8 | |
Additional variables | ||||||
Language proficiency, score | 8.3 (3.4) | 8.1 (3.7) | 8.3 (3.2) | 8.5 (3.1) | 9.0 (3.1) | <.001 |
Change of social position, score | −0.5 (2.2) | −0.6 (2.3) | −0.4 (2.2) | −0.3 (2.1) | −0.7 (2.3) | <.001 |
Protest against discrimination, % | 9.2 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 13.3 | <.001 |