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Table 5 Associated factors of household catastrophic health and impoverishment of households, assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment associated with non-communicable diseases in urban Hanoi, Vietnam

 

Catastrophic health expenditure

Impoverishment

OR (95 % CI)

P- Value

OR (95 % CI)

P -Value

Household with at least one member who reported diagnosis of NCDs

 Yes

2.4 (1.5–3.9)

<0.01

2.3 (1.1–5.0)

0.03

 No

1

 

1

 

Location of household

 Slum areas

2.1 (1.2–3.5)

<0.01

3.9 (1.7–9.5)

<0.01

 Non-slum areas

1

 

1

 

Household with female as household’s heads

 Yes

0.9 (0.6–1.5)

0.78

1.9 (0.9–4.1)

0.80

 No

1

 

1

 

Household size

 1–2 people

1

 

1

 

 3–4 people

0.7 (0.4–1.3)

0.28

0.6 (0.2–1.4)

0.24

  ≥ 5 people

0.7 (0.3–1.4)

0.31

0.8 (0.3–2.3)

0.64

Household with at least one older people ≥60 years old

 Yes

1.9 (1.1–3.3)

0.03

0.7 (0.3–1.7)

0.47

 No

1

 

1

 

Household with at least one child <6 years old

 Yes

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

0.09

0.9 (0.3–2.5)

0.80

 No

1

 

1

 

Household with all members owned social health insurance

 Yes

1.1 (0.6–1.8)

0.82

1.2 (0.6–2.7)

0.67

 No

1

 

1

 

Household socioeconomic status (quintile)

 Poorest (20 %)

4.9 (2.0–12.0)

<0.01

11.2 (1.4–91.4)

0.02

 Poor (20 %)

2.0 (0.7–5.2)

0.14

9.3 (1.2–77.8)

0.04

 Middle (20 %)

2.0 (0.8–5.2)

0.14

6.8 (0.8–59.1)

0.07

 Rich (20 %)

1.8 (0.7–4.8)

0.21

3.2 (0.3–33.8)

0.29

 Richest (20 %)

1

 

1

 
  1. NCDs non-communicable diseases, OR Odds Ratio, 95 % CI: 95 % confidence interval