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Table 2 Results of multivariable analysis of the association between educational level and household assets with activity of daily living (ADL) limitations, need for and receipt of help to perform ADLs among older Brazilians (National Health Survey, 2013)

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in activities of daily living limitations and in the provision of informal and formal care for noninstitutionalized older Brazilians: National Health Survey, 2013

 

No. of ADL tasks with any limitationa

No. of ADL tasks for which help is neededb

No. of ADL tasks for which help is needed but not receivedc

No. of ADL tasks for which informal (unpaid) care was receivedc

No. of ADL tasks for which formal (paid) care was receivedc

 

PR

(95 % CI)

PR

(95 % CI)

PR

(95 % CI)

PR

(95 % CI)

PR

(95 % CI)

Unweighted sample size

23,815

5,978

Years of schooling (vs. illiterate)

     

1–8

0.79 (0.71, 0.88)*

0.71 (0.62, 0.81)*

0.92 (0.70, 1.20)

0.93 (0.86, 1.01)

0.87 (0.62, 1.21)

≥9

0.48 (0.39, 0.57)*

0.43 (0.35, 053)*

0.95 (0.68, 1.47)

0.88 (0.76, 1.01)

1.64 (1.05, 2.58)*

Wealth tertiles (vs. lowest)

     

Intermediate

0.83 (0.74, 0.93)*

0.80 (0.70, 0.90)*

0.59 (0.43, 0.80)*

0.97 (0.90, 1.05)

1.37 (0.94, 2.00)

Highest

0.62 (0.53, 0.73)*

0.58 (0.48, 0.70)*

0.44 (0.29, 0.68)*

0.84 (0.77, 0.93)*

2.24 (1.38, 3.64)*

  1. aAny difficulty to carry out the task. bLetter of tasks for which help was needed to perform. cLetter of tasks for which the respondent needed but did not receive any help, or number of tasks for which help was received by paid/non paid persons (among those with ADL limitation and who needed help to perform one or more tasks.) PR (95 % CI): Prevalence ratios and 95 % confidence intervals estimated by negative binomial regression and adjusted for age (continuous), gender, living arrangements (3 categories), proxy respondent for the interview (yes, no), and mutually adjusted for schooling and household assets. *: p <0.05 (log likelihood test) All estimates took into account the complex sample design and survey weights