Table 1 Definition of variables and descriptive statistics of the sample

Physical_inactivity

1 if the child does not make physical exercise in her/his leisure time; 0 otherwise

16.8 %

0.374

0

1

24.2 %

0.428

0

1

Ageunder5

1 if aged under 5; 0 otherwise (omitted category)

29.2 %

0.457

0

1

28.5 %

0.454

0

1

Age5to9

1 if aged 5–9; 0 otherwise

36.4 %

0.481

0

1

35.6 %

0.479

0

1

Age10to14

1 if aged 10–14; 0 otherwise

34.4 %

0.475

0

1

35.9 %

0.480

0

1

Limit_phys

1 if physical problems limiting normal activity; 0 otherwise

6.4 %

0.244

0

1

6.2 %

0.242

0

1

Emotional_symtoms

Score for emotional symptoms (from 0 –best- to 10 –worst)

1.318

1.733

0

10

1.430

1.844

0

10

Behaviour_problems

Score for behaviour problems (from 0 –best- to 10 –worst-)

1.320

1.617

0

10

1.288

1.622

0

9

Hyperactivity

Score for hyperactivity (from 0 –best- to 10 –worst-)

3.392

2.924

0

10

2.890

2.696

0

10

Problems with peers

Score for problems with peers (from 0 –best- to 10 –worst-)

0.902

1.410

0

10

0.800

1.299

0

9

Pro-social behaviour

Score for pro-social behavior (from 0 –worst- to 10 –best-)

6.975

3.856

0

10

7.118

3.887

0

10

Foreigner

1 if foreigner; 0 if Spanish

8.4 %

0.278

0

1

8.9 %

0.285

0

1

Log_income

Logarithm of total monthly net equivalent income

6.573

0.527

1.775

7.684

6.572

0.545

2.993

7.771

Univ_educ

1 if the head of the household has university education; 0 otherwise

21.1 %

0.408

0

1

24.0 %

0.427

0

1

Rural

1 if place of residence < 10.000 inhabitants; 0 otherwise

20.6 %

0.405

0

1

18.4 %

0.387

0

1

Region_1

1 if resident in Andalusia; 0 otherwise

19.9 %

0.340

0

1

19.8 %

0.397

0

1

Region_2

1 if resident in Aragon; 0 otherwise

2.4 %

0.152

0

1

2.8 %

0.164

0

1

Region_3

1 if resident in Asturias; 0 otherwise

1.8 %

0.132

0

1

1.7 %

0.129

0

1

Region_4

1 if resident in Balearic Is.; 0 otherwise

2.5 %

0.156

0

1

2.4 %

0.154

0

1

Region_5

1 if resident in Canary Is.; 0 otherwise

4.0 %

0.196

0

1

3.9 %

0.195

0

1

Region_6

1 if resident in Cantabria; 0 otherwise

1.0 %

0.102

0

1

1.1 %

0.104

0

1

Region_7

1 if resident in Castilla-Leon; 0 otherwise

4.6 %

0.209

0

1

4.5 %

0.207

0

1

Region_8

1 if resident in Castilla-La Mancha; 0 otherwise

4.3 %

0.203

0

1

4.5 %

0.208

0

1

Region_9

1 if resident in Catalonia; 0 otherwise

15.5 %

0.362

0

1

16.0 %

0.366

0

1

Region_10

1 if resident in Valencia; 0 otherwise

11.6 %

0.320

0

1

11.4 %

0.318

0

1

Region_11

1 if resident in Extremadura; 0 otherwise

2.1 %

0.143

0

1

2.3 %

0.149

0

1

Region_12

1 if resident in Galicia; 0 otherwise

4.5 %

0.207

0

1

4.8 %

0.214

0

1

Region_13

1 if resident in Madrid; 0 otherwise

15.3 %

0.360

0

1

14.2 %

0.349

0

1

Region_14

1 if resident in Murcia; 0 otherwise

3.8 %

0.191

0

1

3.7 %

0.190

0

1

Region_15

1 if resident in Navarre; 0 otherwise

1.5 %

0.121

0

1

1.4 %

0.117

0

1

Region_16

1 if resident in Basque C.; 0 otherwise

4.1 %

0.198

0

1

4.4 %

0.205

0

1

Region_17

1 if resident in La Rioja; 0 otherwise

0.7 %

0.083

0

1

0.7 %

0.081

0

1

Region_18

1 if resident in Ceuta and Melilla; 0 otherwise

0.4 %

0.064

0

1

0.4 %

0.067

0

1