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Table 4 Regression models for annual trends in inequalities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality (Belgium, Denmark, England & Wales, France, Slovenia, Switzerland)

From: The impact of increasing income inequalities on educational inequalities in mortality - An analysis of six European countries

   

Income

Total mortality

CVD

Cancer

External

Other

  

Coefficient for

Model 0

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Absolute inequalities

men

year (annual trend)

75.3***

-4.95

-5.08

-0.01

8.30

2.19

2.02

-0.12

-0.52

1.60

3.25

  

income inequality

  

-0.02

 

-0.13

 

-0.01

 

0.01

 

-0.01

 

women

year (annual trend)

64.3***

1.67

4.48

-9.48

-26.05

2.96

5.03*

0.52

-0.11

1.84

3.27**

  

income inequality

  

-0.07

 

0.27

 

-0.02

 

0.01**

 

-0.02

Relative inequalities

men

year (annual trend)

1.65

1.51

1.08

3.40

3.23

1.56

1.10

0.71

0.01

4.02**

3.87*

  

income inequality

  

-0.08

 

-0.60

 

0.01

 

0.41

 

-0.39

 

women

year (annual trend)

1.90*

1.64

1.72**

-3.86

-13.00*

1.70*

1.65**

2.30

1.05

2.76

4.22***

  

income inequality

  

-0.36**

 

5.00*

 

-0.12

 

0.83*

 

-1.19*

  1. Model 0 estimates a general trend of income inequality between high- and low-educated: incomeinequality it  = α + βyear + country i
  2. Model 1 estimates a general trend of mortality inequality between high- and low-educated: mortalityinequality it  = α + βyear + country i
  3. Model 2 estimates a general trend of mortality inequality, taking the trend of income inequality into account: mortalityinequality it  = α + βyear + Υincomeinequality it  + country i
  4. Coefficients for income inequality in Model 0 mean that e.g. absolute income inequality increased by 75.3 US$ per year
  5. Coefficients for the annual trend in Model 1 mean that e.g. absolute differences in total mortality decreased by 4.95 deaths per 100.000 per year
  6. Coefficients for the annual trend in Model 2 mean that e.g. absolute differences in total mortality decreased by 5.08 deaths per 100.000 per year if the trend in income inequality is added to the model
  7. Coefficients for income inequality in Model 2 mean that one-unit increase in income inequality leads to, e.g., a 0.02 unit decrease in inequality in total mortality. Statistically significant results are printed in bold, significance levels are *:p < 0.1; **:p < 0.05; ***:p < 0.01
  8. Belgium was excluded from the cause-specific analysis because data was not available. Slovenia was excluded from the analysis of external causes because data was not available