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Table 4 Odds ratios from multivariate logistic regressions identifying associations between selected household characteristics and catastrophic health expenditure

From: Financial access to health care for older people in Cambodia: 10-year trends (2004-14) and determinants of catastrophic health expenses

Variables

40 % Threshold

10 % Threshold

OR (T-statistics)

Household size

0.94 (−1.29)

0.94 (−2.01)*

Number of children under five years old

1.29 (1.37)

1.48 (3.82)**

Number of older members

1.30 (1.43)

1.28 (2.08)*

Age head of household

1.01 (1.34)

1.01 (1.60)

Education of head of household

  

 Primary education or more

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Less than primary education

1.00 (−0.02)

1.33 (2.28)*

Gender of head of household

  

 Female

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Male

0.71 (−1.74)

0.84 (−1.32)

Place of residence

  

 Urban

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Rural

2.81 (3.09)**

2.99 (5.83)**

Household with priority access card

  

 No priority access card

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Priority access card

1.43 (1.47)

1.08 (0.44)

Household member with a mild illness

  

 None

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 At least one

1.95 (2.83)**

6.48 (15.06)**

Household member with severe illness

  

 None

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 At least one

2.45 (3.84)**

5.16 (7.77)**

Household member with a disability

  

 None

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 At least one

1.02 (0.08)

1.24 (1.60)

Household member with a chronic disease

  

 None

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 At least one

5.04 (7.16)**

13.85 (18.78)**

Access to improved water source

  

 Unimproved

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Improved

0.88 (−0.66)

0.95 (−0.50)

Household having a toilet

  

 No access

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Access

0.54 (−3.16)**

0.97 (−0.25)

Remittances from relatives

  

 No remittances

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Receives remittances

1.15 (0.75)

1.15 (1.29)

Pension, social welfare benefits

  

 No pension or social welfare benefits

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Receives pension or social welfare benefits

0.63 (−1.05)

0.73 (−1.16)

Transfers from NGO or other institutions

  

 No transfers

1.00 (.)

1.00 (.)

 Receives transfers

0.57 (−0.86)

0.73 (−0.87)

  1. OR odds ratio
  2. *Significant at 5 % (p < 0.05)
  3. **Significant at 1 % (p < 0.01)