Table 2 Gender-specific relative risks (adjusted for age) of mortality from all causes: follow-up 12-year mortality data from the 1998 and 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
| Â | Men 30Â years of age and older | Women 30Â years of age and older | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Number of subjects (deaths) | RR (95Â % CI) | Number of subjects (deaths) | RR (95Â % CI) |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
College or higher | 1189 (58) | 1.00 (reference) | 691 (9) | 1.00 (reference) |
High school | 1696 (160) | 1.37 (0.99–1.89) | 1693 (31) | 1.21 (0.53–2.79) |
Middle school | 746 (122) | 1.57 (1.11–2.23) | 879 (35) | 1.69 (0.71–4.04) |
Elementary school | 805 (228) | 1.62 (1.13–2.30) | 1226 (116) | 1.99 (0.79–4.98) |
No formal education | 246 (143) | 1.93 (1.27–2.96) | 966 (317) | 2.87 (1.11–7.38) |
Occupation | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Non-manual | 1002 (18) | 1.00 (reference) | 326 (3) | 1.00 (reference) |
Manual | 2850 (381) | 3.26 (1.92–5.56) | 2160 (111) | 1.54 (0.45–5.28) |
Other | 830 (312) | 4.73 (2.73–8.21) | 2969 (394) | 2.25 (0.66–7.66) |
Occupational class | Â | Â | Â | Â |
High/middle-high class | 1144 (29) | 1.00 (reference) | 329 (3) | 1.00 (reference) |
Middle class | 818 (75) | 2.48 (1.57–3.93) | 326 (14) | 2.04 (0.55–7.54) |
Laborers | 938 (60) | 2.03 (1.25–3.29) | 529 (11) | 1.50 (0.39–5.81) |
Agricultural/fishery/self-employed | 656 (183) | 2.29 (1.42–3.68) | 143 (24) | 1.59 (0.43–5.84) |
Low social class | 919 (269) | 3.42 (2.18–5.36) | 590 (78) | 2.08 (0.59–7.28) |
Other | 207 (95) | 3.81 (2.28–6.36) | 3538 (378) | 2.10 (0.62–7.19) |
Monthly household income (USD) | Â | Â | Â | |
≥3000 | 433 (29) | 1.00 (reference) | 492 (18) | 1.00 (reference) |
2000–2999 | 811 (63) | 1.25 (0.80–1.97) | 902 (44) | 1.22 (0.64–2.32) |
1000–1999 | 1946 (183) | 1.51 (1.01–2.26) | 2073 (142) | 1.41 (0.79–2.54) |
<1000 | 1492 (436) | 2.13 (1.40–3.23) | 1988 (304) | 1.56 (0.86–2.83) |
Equivalized income quintile | Â | Â | Â | Â |
I (highest) | 874 (66) | 1.00 (reference) | 1040 (50) | 1.00 (reference) |
II | 928 (74) | 1.04 (0.73–1.49) | 1200 (57) | 1.17 (0.76–1.81) |
III | 928 (90) | 1.19 (0.84–1.69) | 1037 (81) | 1.28 (0.81–2.03) |
IV | 1050 (190) | 1.76 (1.29–2.42) | 1087 (108) | 1.44 (0.98–2.12) |
V (lowest) | 902 (291) | 1.58 (1.16–2.15) | 1091 (212) | 1.59 (1.09–2.30) |
Type of health insurance | Â | Â | Â | Â |
National health insurance | 4547 (663) | 1.00 (reference) | 5205 (434) | 1.00 (reference) |
Medical aid program | 101 (40) | 1.29 (0.86–1.93) | 214 (68) | 1.82 (1.36–2.42) |
No health insurance | 34 (8) | 2.58 (1.14–5.87) | 36 (6) | 2.43 (1.10–5.40) |
Self-rated living standard | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Rich or higher | 169 (22) | 1.00 (reference) | 199 (16) | 1.00 (reference) |
Fair | 2722 (307) | 1.05 (0.68–1.62) | 3046 (213) | 0.93 (0.50–1.73) |
Poor | 1516 (298) | 1.40 (0.89–2.20) | 1802 (198) | 1.08 (0.58–2.02) |
Very poor | 275 (84) | 1.82 (1.10–3.02) | 408 (81) | 1.49 (0.78–2.82) |