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Table 4 Health status, special healthcare needs, access to healthcare, unmet healthcare needs,a use of health services, parental out-of-pocket costs of health services, quality of pediatric care, parental satisfaction with pediatric care, parental-reported financial burden of child’s healthcare, and missed school and work days due to child’s health among uninsured minority children eligible for but not insured by Medicaid or CHIP (N = 267)

From: A cross-sectional study of parental awareness of and reasons for lack of health insurance among minority children, and the impact on health, access to care, and unmet needs

Measure

Proportion, Mean, or Mean Cost

Health status

 Health status not excellent/very good

38 %

 Worry about child’s health more than other people

83 %

 Have emotional worry or concern about child’s physical health

75 %

Special healthcare need

 Any special healthcare need

66 %

 Eczema

28 %

 Respiratory allergy

18 %

 Asthma

15 %

 Behavior problem

13 %

 Bone or joint problem

12 %

 More than three ear infections

7 %

 Allergy

7 %

 ADHD

7 %

 Speech problem

7 %

 Depression

6 %

 Headache

6 %

 Anxiety

5 %

 Hearing problem

2 %

 Autism

1 %

 Brain injury

1 %

 Diabetes

0.4 %

 Any other health problem

27 %

Access to healthcare

 Child has no PCP

64 %

 Child has no usual source of preventive care

40 %

 Sources of preventive care and sick care different

55 %

 Never/sometimes gets immediate care from PCP

10 %

 Usual source of care has no night or weekend office hours

88 %

 Does not have access to 24-hour telephone coverage for sick care

88 %

 No access to same-day sick-care visit without appointment

67 %

 Child has no usual source of sick care

18 %

 Difficult getting appointment for sick care

12 %

 Never/sometimes has access to interpreterb

11 %

 Has problems getting care from specialists

8 %

 Has problem getting special servicesc

8 %

 Never/sometimes can obtain after-hours telephone help or advice

6 %

Unmet healthcare needs

 Delayed or didn’t get needed healthcare

73 %

 Didn’t receive all needed dental care

61 %

 Didn’t receive all needed preventive care

51 %

 Didn’t receive all needed hearing aids or hearing care

100 %

 Didn’t receive all needed physical, occupational, or speech therapy

79 %

 Didn’t receive all needed mental healthcare

70 %

 Didn’t receive all needed mobility aids or devicesd

67 %

 Didn’t receive all needed specialty care

57 %

 Problems obtaining needed specialty referral

53 %

 Didn’t receive all needed home healthcare

50 %

 Didn’t receive all needed vision care

46 %

 Didn’t receive all needed medical supplies or equipmente

23 %

 Didn’t receive all needed acute care

19 %

 Didn’t receive all needed prescription medications

18 %

Use and out-of-pocket cost of health services

 

 Mean number of any doctor visits in past year

3.3

 Mean out-of-pocket cost per doctor visitf

$141.7

 Mean number of preventive care visits in past year

1.0

 Mean out-of-pocket cost per preventive-care visitg

$46.7

 Mean number of sick visits in past year

1.8

 Mean out-of-pocket cost per sick visith

$195.1

 Mean number of ED visits in past year

0.9

 Mean out-of-pocket cost per ED visiti

$421.0

 Mean number of hospital stays in past year

0.1

 Mean out-of-pocket cost per hospital stayj

$593.1

Parental-reported financial burden of child’s healthcare

 

 Need additional income to cover child’s medical expenses

45 %

 Child’s health caused financial problems for family

35 %

 Family cut down on work hours to obtain healthcare for child

23 %

 Stopped working because of child’s health

10 %

Missed school and work days due to child’s health

 

 Mean missed school days due to child’s illness

3.4

 Mean missed work days due to child’s illness

1.7

 Mean wage loss due to missed work days for child’s illnessk

$342.9

 Other mean costs related to taking care of sick childk

$155.5

Quality of carel

 

 Mean rating of child’s well-child visits

8.3

 Mean rating of quality of child’s primary-care provider

8.9

 Mean rating of quality of child’s acute care

8.6

 Mean rating of quality of child’s specialty provider

8.3

Parental satisfaction with child’s pediatric care

 Doctor never/sometimes asks how you are feeling as parent

40 %

 Doctor never/sometimes understands how your prefer to raise child

27 %

 Doctor never/sometimes take time to understand child’s specific needs

21 %

 Doctor never/sometimes respect you are expert on your child

16 %

 Did not ask all questions I wanted to ask doctor

15 %

 Doctor didn’t spend enough time with child

14 %

 Would not recommend child’s healthcare provider to friends

24 %

Quality of life (mean PedsQL score)

 Total

91

 Physical functioning

93

 Social functioning

92

 Emotional functioning

86

 School functioning

85

  1. aThe denominator for each unmet healthcare need consists of only those parents responding that their child needed the particular category of care or service
  2. bOnly among parents who had limited English proficiency
  3. cIncludes physical therapy, medical equipment (such as wheelchairs), special-education services, or counseling
  4. dIncludes canes, crutches, wheelchairs, or scooters
  5. eSuch as G-tubes and nebulizer machines
  6. fAmong children who made any doctor visit
  7. gAmong children who made any preventive visit
  8. hAmong children who made any sick visit
  9. iAmong children who made any ED visit
  10. jAmong children who were hospitalized
  11. kAmong parents who missed any work due child’s illness
  12. lOn scale of 0-10, where 0 = worst and 10 = best