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Table 3 Eligible groups for exemption from contribution

From: State budget transfers to Health Insurance Funds for universal health coverage: institutional design patterns and challenges of covering those outside the formal sector in Eastern European high-income countries

Country

Terminology used for eligible groups

Eligible groups for exemption from contributions

Family insurance in place

Type of membership of the exempt

Croatia

Vulnerable [50]

Unemployed;

War veterans;

Yes [50]

Mandatory [50]

Disabled persons;

Militaries;

Childrenā€‰<ā€‰18Ā years;

Pensioners with pensions below the average net wage;

Students;

Farmers above age 66 [28, 29]

Czech Republic

State insured [24]

Unemployed;

Women taking care of one childā€‰<ā€‰7Ā years or more childrenā€‰<ā€‰15Ā years;

Yes [24]

Mandatory [24]

Pensioners;

Military personnel;

Children;

Prisoners;

Students;

People receiving social welfare;

Women or men on parental leave;

Asylum seekers [31]

Estonia

Insured covered by state [16]

Individuals on parental leave with childrenā€‰<ā€‰3Ā years;

Individuals exposed to nuclear contamination, mainly related to the Chernobyl nuclear accident;

Yes [16]

Mandatory [16]

One non-working parent of childrenā€‰<ā€‰8Ā years;

People receiving social benefits;

One parent in families with three childrenā€‰<ā€‰19Ā years;

Dependent spouses of diplomats;

Carers of disabled people;

Registered unemployed (entitlement for 270Ā days) [16]

Military personnel;

Non-contributing insured people (almost half of insured people): children up to 19Ā years, pensioners, disabled people entitled to special pensions, students, non-working spouses of insured individuals, non-working pregnant women from the 12th week of pregnancy [16]

Hungary

Non-contributing groups [17]

Pensioners;

People with disability;

Yes [17]

Mandatory [52]

Women on maternity leave;

Childrenā€‰<ā€‰18Ā years;

People with very low income (including homeless persons);

Students;

Military personnel;

Roma population [17, 43, 52]

The dependants of all the above;

Poland

Non-contributing groups [18]

Childrenā€‰<ā€‰18Ā years;

People not eligible for unemployment benefits;

Yes [18]

Mandatory [18]

Pregnant women;

People with low income;

Individuals with disabilities;

Soldiers;

People above age 65 without an old age or disability pension;

Farmers;

People on parental leave [18, 53]

Slovakia

State insured [22]

Dependent children and their carers;

Reservists;

Yes [54]

Mandatory [22]

Pensioners;

Unemployed;

Job applicants not receiving any allowance;

People on sick leave [22, 54]

Persons receiving disability benefits;

Slovenia

No specific term [23]

Individuals without income;

Unregistered unemployed;

Yes [23]

Mandatory [23]

Prisoners;

Recipients of social security allowances [23, 55]

War veterans;