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Table 2 Chi-square comparison of expected and actual NHS Direct uptake for males compared to the ethnic distribution of the population of England

From: Who uses NHS Direct? Investigating the impact of ethnicity on the uptake of telephone based healthcare

ETHNICITY

Observed (O)

Expected (E)

(O-E)

(O-E/√E)

Uptake rate

Sig

White: British

441459

451927.9

-0468.9

-15.57

0.98

***

White: Irish

3951

6502.6

-2551.6

-31.64

0.61

***

White: Other

18741

18965.8

-224.8

-1.63

0.99

***

Mixed: White and Black Caribbean

4190

3251.3

938.7

16.46

1.29

***

Mixed: White and Black African

2886

1083.8

1802.2

54.74

2.66

***

Mixed: White and Asian

18623

2709.4

15913.6

305.73

6.87

***

Mixed: Other

5610

2167.5

3442.5

73.94

2.59

***

Asian or Asian British: Indian

12702

14088.9

-1386.9

-11.68

0.90

***

Asian or Asian British: Pakistani

10429

10295.7

133.3

1.31

1.01

NS

Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi

2450

3793.2

-1343.2

-21.81

0.65

***

Asian or Asian British: Other

4342

3793.2

548.8

8.91

1.14

***

Black or Black British: Caribbean

4367

5960.7

-1593.7

-20.64

0.73

***

Black or Black British: African

4312

8128.2

-3816.2

-42.33

0.53

***

Black or Black British: Other

1478

1083.8

394.2

11.97

1.36

***

Other ethnic groups: Chinese

1181

4335.0

-3154.0

-47.90

0.27

***

Other ethnic group

5159

3793.2

1365.8

22.18

1.36

***

  1. p < 0.001***.