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Table 5 Per cent distribution of live or stillbirth in the five years preceding the survey by person providing assistance during delivery

From: Inequities in accessibility to and utilisation of maternal health services in Ghana after user-fee exemption: a descriptive study

Background characteristic

Doctor

Nurse/midwife/auxiliary midwife

Trained traditional birth attendant

Untrained traditional birth attendant

Relative/Friend

No one

Other

Missing

Total

Percent delivered by a skilled provider

Percent delivered by CS

Number of births

Birth outcome

            

 Live birth

8.9

46.1

20.3

9.5

11.2

3.7

0

0.3

100

55

6.3

4847

 Stillbirth

28.6

40.8

11.5

1.6

7.5

5.3

2.8

2

100

69.3

18.9

81

Age of mother at birth

            

 <20

8.6

46.5

22.2

9.1

11.7

1.9

0

0

100

55.1

6.5

534

 20–34

9.3

47.4

19.6

9.4

11

3.1

0

0.2

100

56.7

6.6

3391

 35–49

9.2

41.1

21

9.4

11.5

6.8

0.2

0.9

100

50.2

6.3

1003

Birth order

            

 1

12.4

54.6

16.8

7.6

7

1.1

0

0.5

100

67

9.4

1051

 2–3

9.2

49.2

19.5

8.6

11.3

2.1

0

0.1

100

58.4

6.4

1769

 4–5

8.1

43.8

21.1

9.8

12.6

4.2

0.1

0.2

100

51.9

5.9

1161

 6+

6.9

33.3

23.8

12.1

13.8

9

0.2

0.8

100

40.3

4.2

948

Residence

            

 Rural

5.4

33.8

27.4

13

15.1

4.8

0.1

0.3

100

39.2

4

3781

 Urban

16.5

69.5

6.1

2.3

3.6

1.5

0

0.5

100

86

11.3

1683

Education

            

 None

4

28.3

25.8

16.6

18.5

6.1

0.1

0.5

100

32.4

3.4

1678

 Primary

8.6

43.6

21.8

9.3

11.8

4.2

0.1

0.6

100

52.2

6.4

1102

 Middle/JSS

11.8

60

16.3

4.1

5.9

1.8

0

0.1

100

71.7

7.9

1797

 Secondary+

22.6

66.6

7.4

1.5

1.4

0.5

0

0

100

89.2

14.6

350

Region

            

 Ashanti

13.8

54.8

13.2

6.2

9

2.6

0.1

0.2

100

68.7

8.6

922

 Brong Ahafo

6.3

50.6

18.2

7.9

11.1

5.6

0

0.3

100

56.9

5.1

564

 Central

6.1

57.8

25

4.5

2.8

3.7

0

0.2

100

63.8

6.3

479

 Eastern

8.8

48.9

22.2

8.3

8.2

3.6

0

0.1

100

57.7

8.4

567

 Greater Accra

24.2

55.1

10.2

2.9

3.7

3.6

0

0.4

100

79.3

13.1

470

 Northern

4.8

22.5

21

24.5

21

5.6

0.3

0.2

100

27.3

3.1

699

 Volta

2.7

38.7

22.4

5.5

26.9

3.8

0

0.1

100

41.3

3.5

451

 Upper East

2.2

45

31.6

9.7

9.3

1.5

0

0.8

100

47.1

2.4

225

 Upper West

3.2

39

33.3

5.7

13.8

4.6

0

0.4

100

42.2

3.7

152

 Western

10.5

43.1

26.3

12.8

4.4

1.5

0

1.5

100

53.7

6.1

400

Wealth quintile

            

 Lowest

3.2

25.2

26

17.6

21.5

6.3

0

0.2

100

28.4

2.7

1074

 Second

4.6

32.3

28.8

13.3

15.3

5.1

0.3

0.2

100

36.9

3.1

1061

 Middle

6.4

46.5

24.8

8.5

9.7

3.9

0

0.2

100

52.9

4.7

975

 Fourth

12.5

63

13.7

3.5

5.3

1.5

0

0.6

100

75.5

8.7

983

 Highest

22.1

69.6

3.8

1.6

1.4

1

0

0.5

100

91.8

15.4

835

Total

9.2

46

20.1

9.4

11.2

3.7

0.1

0.3

100

55.2

6.5

4928