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Table 1 Per cent distribution of women who had a live or stillbirth in the five years preceding the survey by whether mother received ANC from a skilled provider

From: Inequities in accessibility to and utilisation of maternal health services in Ghana after user-fee exemption: a descriptive study

Background characteristic

Received any ANC

Doctor

Nurse/midwife/auxiliary midwife

Trained traditional birth attendant

Untrained traditional birth attendant

Other

No one

Missing

Total

Percent receiving ANC from a skilled provider

Number of women

Birth outcome

           

 Live birth

96.7

18.5

77.8

0.2

0.1

0.1

3.2

0.1

100

96.3

4,847

 Stillbirth

87.9

23.1

64.7

0

0

0

10.2

2

100

87.9

81

Age of mother at birth

           

 <20

97

14.7

82.1

0.1

0

0

3

0

100

96.8

534

 20–34

96.8

19.2

77.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

3

0.1

100

96.4

3,391

 35–49

95.2

18.1

76.6

0.3

0.1

0

4.4

0.4

100

95

1,003

Birth order

           

 1

98.6

20.7

77.7

0.1

0

0.2

1.2

0.2

100

98.4

1,051

 2–3

97.2

20.5

76.4

0.2

0

0

2.7

0.1

100

96.9

1,769

 4–5

96.9

18.3

77.8

0.2

0.4

0.2

2.9

0.2

100

96.1

1,161

 6+

92.4

12.7

79.4

0.2

0.1

0

7.3

0.2

100

92.1

948

Residence

           

 Rural

95.4

12.1

82.8

0.2

0.1

0

4.6

0

100

94.9

3,245

 Urban

98.7

30.8

67.6

0.1

0.1

0

0.9

0.4

100

98.4

1,683

Education

           

 None

93.5

11.1

82.1

0.2

0.1

0.1

6.3

0.1

100

93.2

1,678

 Primary

96.7

18.2

77.9

0.2

0.4

0.1

2.8

0.4

100

96.1

1,102

 Middle/JSS

98.6

21.3

76.9

0.3

0

0

1.4

0

100

98.2

1,797

 Secondary+

99.5

40.8

58.6

0

0

0.3

0.5

0

100

99.5

350

Region

           

 Ashanti

97.9

27.6

69.8

0

0.1

0

1.9

0.2

100

97.5

922

 Brong Ahafo

98

11.4

86.3

0

0.3

0

2

0

100

97.7

564

 Central

97.8

13.2

84.4

0.2

0

0.1

2.2

0

100

97.7

479

 Eastern

97.2

16.9

79.4

0.7

0.2

0

2.7

0.1

100

96.2

567

 Greater Accra

96.4

45.7

50.1

0.2

0.4

0

3.2

0.4

100

95.8

470

 Northern

91.7

7.6

84

0.1

0

0

8.2

0.2

100

91.6

699

 Volta

96.4

10.7

85.7

0

0

0

3.5

0.1

100

96.4

451

 Upper East

98.7

2.4

95.9

0.5

0

0

1.3

0

100

98.3

225

 Upper West

94.3

3.4

90.9

0

0

0

5.7

0

100

94.3

152

 Western

97

27.2

69.2

0.7

0

0

2.5

0.5

100

96.3

400

Wealth quintile

           

 Lowest

93.1

7.9

84.8

0.2

0.3

0.1

6.9

0

100

92.7

1,074

 Second

94.9

9.4

85

0.3

0.1

0.1

5

0.1

100

94.4

1,061

 Middle

98.2

16.2

81.7

0.3

0

0.2

1.8

0

100

97.9

975

 Fourth

98.1

25.5

72.2

0.2

0

0

1.5

0.3

100

97.7

983

 Highest

99

38.2

60.6

0

0.2

0.1

0.6

0.4

100

98.7

835

Total

96.5

18.5

77.6

0.2

0.1

0.1

3.3

0.2

100

96.1

4,928