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Table 4 Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI: association of gender, family affluence, nutritional status, municipality size, school environment and peer group with health outcomes, by age

From: Factors associated with unhealthy behaviours and health outcomes: a cross-sectional study among tuscan adolescents (Italy)

 

Multiple health complaints

Poor self-reported health

Life dissatisfaction

Age 11

   

Family affluence

   

   Medium vs. High

1.24 (0.90-1.70)

0.72 (0.37-1.40)

1.78 (1.06-2.98)*

   Low vs. High

1.33 (0.78-2.26)

1.64 (0.66-4.09)

1.73 (0.77-3.86)

School environment

   

   Medium vs. Favourable

1.37 (0.98-1.93)

3.0 (1.30-6.93)**

2.13 (1.16-3.92)**

   Poor vs. Favourable

1.90 (1.22-2.95)**

4.29 (1.67-11.0)**

4.24 (2.14-8.38)**

Peer group

   

   Medium vs. Favourable

0.95 (0.64-1.40)

1.58 (0.63-4.0)

1.14 (0.59-2.21)

   Poor vs. Favourable

1.29 (0.81-2.03)

1.60 (0.58-4.40)

1.33 (0.64-2.76)

Gender

   

   Female vs. Male

1.24 (0.92-1.68)

2.91 (1.52-5.58)**

1.21 (0.75-1.96)

Nutritional status

   

   Ow/O vs. UN

0.95 (0.63-1.41)

1.57 (0.77-3.19)

1.21 (0.68-2.14)

Municipality size

   

   Metropolitan vs. >50,000

0.83 (0.56-1.23)

0.66 (0.28-1.54)

0.52 (0.27-1.00)

   <10,000 vs. >50,000

1.40 (0.92-2.14)

1.05 (0.44-2.51)

1.02 (0.54-1.92)

   10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000

1.12 (0.74-1.72)

1.18 (0.53-2.62)

0.63 (0.32-1.23)

Age 13

   

Family affluence

   

   Medium vs. High

0.95 (0.71-1.26)

0.79 (0.48-1.29)

1.26 (0.83-1.92)

   Low vs. High

0.98 (0.50-1.91)

1.87 (0.75-4.70)

3.34 (1.53-7.31)**

School environment

   

   Medium vs. Favourable

2.38 (1.65-3.45)**

3.86 (1.49-10.03)**

3.15 (1.51-6.56)**

   Poor vs. Favourable

4.46 (2.91-6.82)**

9.56 (3.66-25.02)**

7.63 (3.60-16.15)**

Peer group

   

   Medium vs. Favourable

0.98 (0.70-1.36)

0.93 (0.51-1.69)

1.26 (0.73-2.15)

   Poor vs. Favourable

0.96 (0.65-1.42)

1.18 (0.63-2.23)

1.59 (0.90-2.83)

Gender

   

   Female vs. Male

2.37 (1.79-3.13)**

2.17 (1.33-3.53)**

3.18 (2.04-4.96)**

Nutritional status

   

   Ow/O vs. UN

1.39 (0.94-2.04)

1.83 (1.03-3.26)*

1.24 (0.71-2.17)

Municipality size

   

   Metropolitan vs. >50,000

1.07 (0.74-1.53)

1.04 (0.51-2.09)

1.51 (0.88-2.57)

   <10,000 vs. >50,000

0.87 (0.58-1.30)

1.99 (1.02-3.91)*

1.34 (0.73-2.45)

   10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000

0.89 (0.62-1.28)

2.13 (1.16-3.92)**

1.28 (0.74-2.21)

Age 15

   

Family affluence

   

   Medium vs. High

0.90 (0.66-1.24)

1.62 (1.04-2.52)*

1.11 (0.72-1.17)

   Low vs. High

0.99 (0.54-1.84)

0.92 (0.36-2.37)

2.41 (1.18-4.95)**

School environment

   

   Medium vs. Favourable

0.87 (0.56-1.33)

1.45 (0.68-3.12)

0.91 (0.44-1.86)

   Poor vs. Favourable

1.56 (0.98-2.47)

2.72 (1.26-5.87)**

3.43 (1.72-6.85)**

Peer group

   

   Medium vs. Favourable

1.29 (0.90-1.84)

0.79 (0.646-1.35)

0.97 (0.57-1.64)

   Poor vs. Favourable

1.17 (0.78-1.76)

1.01 (0.57-1.78)

1.54 (0.89-2.66)

Gender

   

   Female vs. male

3.43 (2.54-4.65)**

2.50 (1.57-3.96)**

1.41 (0.92-2.15)

Nutritional status

   

   Ow/O vs. UN

1.47 (0.94-2.31)

2.81 (1.63-4.83)**

1.51 (0.86-2.65)

Municipality size

   

   Metropolitan vs. >50,000

1.08 (0.74-1.59)

1.33 (0.75-2.37)

1.08 (0.56-1.85)

   <10,000 vs. >50,000

1.18 (0.56-2.51)

1.59 (0.54-4.64)

1.11 (0.36-3.42)

   10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000

1.11 (0.77-1.58)

1.66 (1.00-2.76)

1.00 (0.61-1.63)

  1. Multivariate binary logistic regression *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
  2. Ow/O: Overweight group (overweight and obesity); UN: Under/Normal-weight group.