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Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI: association of gender, family affluence, nutritional status, municipality size, school environment and peer group with unhealthy behaviours, by age

From: Factors associated with unhealthy behaviours and health outcomes: a cross-sectional study among tuscan adolescents (Italy)

 

Smoking

Sedentary

Not meeting PAGL

Irregular breakfast

Alcohol daily

Age 11

     

Family affluence

     

   Medium vs. High

0.42 (0.14-1.27)

0.76 (0.53-1.07)

1.05 (0.61-1.79)

1.00 (0.69-1.47)

1.27 (0.68-2.37)

   Low vs. High

0.28 (0.03-2.40)

0.61 (0.35-1.08)

1.30 (0.48-3.55)

1.12 (0.60-2.09)

-

School environment

     

   Medium vs. Favourable

2.47 (0.63-9.83)

1.19 (0.83-1.70)

0.67 (0.39-1.17)

1.44 (0.96-2.18)

1.00 (0.50-1.98)

   Poor vs. Favourable

4.33 (0.97-19.3)

1.50 (0.91-2.46)

1.44 (0.61-3.43)

1.65 (0.99-2.77)

0.97 (0.39-2.40)

Peer groups

     

   Medium vs. Favourable

0.18 (0.05-0.64)**

0.74 (0.47-1.14)

1.43 (0.78-2.59)

0.51 (0.32-0.79)**

0.57 (0.26-1.26)

   Poor vs. Favourable

0.58 (0.18-1.89)

0.54 (0.33-0.91)*

1.40 (0.65-2.98)

1.12 (0.68-1.84)

1.58 (0.68-3.67)

Gender

     

   Female vs. Male

0.71 (0.25-2.02)

0.82 (0.59-1.14)

1.75 (1.03-2.98)**

1.22 (0.86-1.75)

0.15 (0.06-0.36)**

Nutritional status

     

   Ow/O vs. UN

2.25 (0.72-6.99)

1.51 (0.95-2.41)

1.44 (0.68-3.05)

1.18 (0.75-1.87)

1.12 (0.52-2.39)

Municipality size

     

   Metropolitan vs. >50,000

0.95 (0.20-4.46)

0.93 (0.61-1.43)

0.53 (0.26-1.07)

0.81 (0.51-1.28)

0.31 (0.12-0.79)**

   <10,000 vs. >50,000

2.56 (0.65-10.0)

0.81 (0.51-1.30)

0.43 (0.21-0.89)*

1.04 (0.64-1.71)

0.77 (0.34-1.70)

   10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000

2.20 (0.55-8.76)

0.77 (0.49-1.21)

0.42 (0.20-0.89)*

0.70 (0.42-1.16)

0.56 (0.23-1.40)

Age 13

     

Family affluence

     

   Medium vs. High

0.70 (0.48-1.02)

0.79 (0.49-1.27)

1.08 (0.61-1.89)

1.00 (0.76-1.34)

0.71 (0.50-1.01)

   Low vs. High

0.43 (0.14-1.25)

0.57 (0.22-1.46)

0.61 (0.20-1.84)

2.17 (1.12-4.19)*

0.66 (0.28-1.56)

School environment

     

   Medium vs. Favourable

2.37 (1.37-4.10)**

1.20 (0.68-2.12)

1.04 (0.55-1.99)

1.65 (1.15-2.37)**

1.55 (0.99-2.41)

   Poor vs. Favourable

4.34 (2.41-7.80)**

1.44 (0.73-2.84)

1.13 (0.52-2.44)

2.04 (1.35-3.09)**

1.79 (1.08-2.96)*

Peer groups

     

   Medium vs. Favourable

0.45 (0.30-0.67)**

0.29 (0.13-0.66)**

1.48 (0.81-2.69)

0.97 (0.69-1.34)

0.57 (0.39-0.84)**

   Poor vs. Favourable

0.48 (0.30-0.78)**

0.15 (0.06-0.35)**

1.62 (0.77-3.40)

0.90 (0.61-1.32)

0.91 (0.59-1.41)

Gender

     

   Female vs. Male

1.16 (0.81-1.66)

0.72 (0.45-1.15)

1.27 (0.75-2.16)

1.59 (1.20-2.10)**

0.71 (0.51-0.99)*

Nutritional status

     

   Ow/O vs. UN

1.18 (0.73-1.92)

1.37 (0.67-2.79)

2.50 (0.88-7.07)

1.38 (0.94-2.02)

1.31 (0.85-2.03)

Municipalities size

     

   Metropolitan vs. >50,000

1.27 (0.80-2.0)

1.28 (0.71-2.30)

0.96 (0.48-1.90)

0.93 (0.65-1.33)

1.04 (0.67-1.60)

   <10,000 vs. >50,000

1.10 (0.66-1.83)

1.09 (0.57-2.08)

2.82 (0.94-8.44)

0.76 (0.50-1.14)

1.04 (0.65-1.69)

   10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000

0.90 (0.55-1.46)

1.84 (0.97-3.48)

0.66 (0.35-1.25)

1.19 (0.83-1.71)

1.22 (0.80-1.87)

Age 15

     

Family affluence

     

   Medium vs. High

0.88 (0.65-1.19)

0.98 (0.56-1.71)

1.26 (0.74-2.15)

0.93 (0.68-1.26)

0.71 (0.52-0.96)*

   Low vs. High

0.92 (0.50-1.67)

0.91 (0.33-2.52)

5.0 (0.66-37.6)

1.80 (0.98-3.31)

0.54 (0.29-0.99)*

School environment

     

   Medium vs. Favourable

1.31 (0.87-1.97)

0.58 (0.25-1.34)

0.89 (0.45-1.79)

0.74 (0.49-1.13)

1.22 (0.81-1.85)

   Poor vs. Favourable

1.66 (1.07-2.59)*

0.79 (0.32-1.98)

1.27 (0.58-2.81)

1.15 (0.74-1.80)

1.66 (1.06-2.58)*

Peer groups

     

   Medium vs. Favourable

0.87 (0.61-1.23)

1.05 (0.55-2.03)

1.53 (0.85-2.74)

1.29 (0.90-1.83)

0.74 (0.52-1.04)

   Poor vs. Favourable

0.62 (0.42-0.93)*

1.08 (0.52-2.23)

1.26 (0.65-2.45)

1.00 (0.67-1.49)

0.53 (0.36-0.79)**

Gender

     

   Female vs. Male

1.49 (1.11-1.99)**

0.45 (0.26-0.80)**

2.05 (1.20-3.50)**

1.65 (1.23-2.22)**

0.82 (0.62-1.10)

Nutritional status

     

   Ow/O vs. UN

1.02 (0.66-1.57)

2.77 (0.84-9.11)

5.59 (1.34-23.4)*

1.42 (0.92-2.19)

0.76 (0.49-1.17)

Municipality size

     

   Metropolitan vs. >50.000

1.02 (0.71-1.48)

0.59 (0.30-1.18)

0.99 (0.52-1.88)

0.87 (0.59-1.26)

1.36 (0.94-1.97)

   <10,000 vs. >50,000

0.89 (0.43-1.83)

0.94 (0.20-4.29)

1.04 (0.29-3.73)

0.72 (0.34-1.52)

0.88 (0.43-1.82)

   10,000-50,000 vs. >50,000

1.21 (0.86-1.70)

0.59 (0.31-1.12)

0.99 (0.54-1.82)

0.97 (0.68-1.37)

1.13 (0.80-1.60)

  1. Multivariate binary logistic regression *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
  2. Ow/O: Overweight group (overweight and obesity); UN: Under/Normal-weight group.