Table 5 Concentration Indices and Kakwani's Indices for Sensitivity Analysis on Equivalence Scale and ATP Measures
Description | ATP measures | Direct tax | Indirect tax | Contribution to EPF and SOCSO | Private insurance premium | Out-of- pocket payment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Base Scenario (Payment Per Adult Equivalent on Consumption Measure) | ||||||
Gini/CI (Robust SE) | 0.4051* (0.0072) | 0.8003* (0.0642) | 0.3273* (0.0094) | 0.4862* (0.0218) | 0.6985* (0.1735) | 0.5094* (0.0363) |
Kakwani's indices (Robust SE) | - | 0.3952* (0.0620) | -0.0779* (0.0088) | 0.0811* (0.0204) | 0.2934 (0.1726) | 0.1043* (0.0358) |
2. Sensitivity Analysis | ||||||
i. Per Household Amounts for Payment and Consumption (instead of Per Adult Equivalent Amounts for Payments and Consumption) | ||||||
Gini/CI (Robust SE) | 0.3839* (0.0066) | 0.8055* (0.0628) | 0.3102* (0.0077) | 0.4540* (0.0191) | 0.7007* (0.1654) | 0.5088* (0.0342) |
Kakwani's indices (Robust SE) | - | 0.4216* (0.0610) | -0.0737* (0.0079) | 0.0700* (0.0188) | 0.3168 (0.1646) | 0.1249* (0.0341) |
ii. Income Measure instead of Consumption Measure | ||||||
Gini/CI (Robust SE) | 0.4595* (0.0103) | 0.8231* (0.0641) | 0.2782* (0.0094) | 0.5878* (0.0220) | 0.6792* (0.1739) | 0.4539* (0.0339) |
Kakwani's indices (Robust SE) | - | 0.3636* (0.0585) | -0.1813* (0.0116) | 0.1283* (0.0175) | 0.2197 (0.1709) | -0.0056 (0.0341) |
iii. Non Food Consumption Measure instead of Consumption Measure | ||||||
Gini/CI (Robust SE) | 0.4762* (0.0090) | 0.8008* (0.0642) | 0.3194* (0.0095) | 0.4971* (0.0218) | 0.6970* (0.1733) | 0.5013* (0.0363) |
Kakwani's indices (Robust SE) | - | 0.3246* (0.0615) | -0.1568* (0.0096) | 0.0209 (0.0203) | 0.2208 (0.1721) | 0.0251 (0.0361) |
Uncertainty interval |  | ± 0.15 | ± 0.10 | ± 0.10 | ± 0.10 | ± 0.15 |