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Table 4 Factors associated with intra-urban inequities in child malnutrition in 15 selected countries

From: Child health inequities in developing countries: differences across urban and rural areas

 

Intra-urban inequities

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Central & Western Africa

   1. Burkina Faso

-0.824 ***

-0.771 **

-0.466

-0.431

-0.597 *

   2. Cameroon

-0.963 ***

-0.841 ***

-0.820 ***

-0.798 ***

-0.643 **

   3. Chad

-0.399 **

-0.332 *

-0.216

-0.207

-0.447 **

   4. Côte d'Ivoire

-0.884 ***

-0.620 **

-0.856 ***

-0.636 **

-0.707 **

   5. Ghana

-0.655 **

-0.544

-0.560 *

-0.522

-0.605 *

   6. Nigeria

-1.117 ***

-0.672 ***

-0.634 **

-0.356

-0.351

   7. Togo

-0.809 ***

-0.624 **

-0.624 **

-0.502 *

-0.441

Eastern & Southern Africa

   8. Kenya

-1.219 ***

-1.125 ***

-0.936 ***

-0.883 ***

-0.951 ***

   9. Madagascar

-0.767 ***

-0.912 ***

-0.555 **

-0.709 **

-0.823 **

   10. Malawi

-0.842 ***

-0.780 ***

-0.644 ***

-0.615 ***

-0.721 ***

   11. Mozambique

-1.336 ***

-1.227 ***

-1.185 ***

-1.007 **

-0.986 **

   12. Tanzania

-1.248 ***

-1.204 ***

-1.061 ***

-1.052 ***

-0.808 **

   13. Uganda

-1.099 ***

-0.937 ***

-0.994 ***

-0.874 ***

-0.888 ***

   14. Zambia

-0.312

-0.175

-0.210

-0.111

0.013

   15. Zimbabwe

-0.716 **

-0.715 **

-0.622 *

-0.647 *

-0.764 **

  1. Note: Coefficients of the uppermost category of household wealth are used as a measure of socioeconomic inequalities.
  2. Model 1 is the baseline model; Model 2 adds community SES to Model 1; Model 3 adds mother's and father's education to Model 1; Model 4 adds community SES and mother's and father's education to Model 1; Model 5 adds bio-demographic control variables to Model 4.
  3. *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.