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Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for determinants of health insurance ownership

From: Determinants of health insurance ownership among women in Kenya: evidence from the 2008–09 Kenya demographic and health survey

Variable

Adjusted OR

95% CI

Employment sector (Ref = Not working)

  

Formal employment

2.2***

[1.5-3.2]

Informal employment

1.5

[0.8-3.1]

Marital status (Ref = Never married)

  

Married

1.8*

[1.3-2.5]

Formerly married

0.5

[0.2-1.1]

Exposure to media

  

Frequency of reading newspaper (Ref = Not at all)

  

Sometimes

1.6*

[1.0-2.6]

Almost everyday

3.5***

[2.0-6.0]

Frequency of listening to radio (Ref = Not at all)

  

Sometimes

1.5

[0.9-2.5]

Almost everyday

1.7*

[1.0-3.1]

Frequency of watching television (Ref = Not at all)

  

Sometimes

2.3***

[1.4-3.5]

Almost everyday

2.6***

[1.7-4.2]

Education (Ref = No education)

  

Primary

4.4**

[1.6-12.2]

Secondary or higher

10.9***

[3.6-33.1]

Age (Years) (Ref = 15–19)

  

20-24

1.6

[0.8-3.5]

25-29

2.5**

[1.3-4.9]

30-34

2.0*

[1.2-3.5]

35-39

2.6**

[1.4-4.8]

40-44

1.6

[0.9-2.9]

45-49

4.0***

[2.0-7.8]

Gender of household head (Ref = Male)

  

Female

1.7**

[1.2-2.3]

Number of household members (Ref = 1–4)

  

5+ members

1.0

[1.0-1.1]

Household wealth status (Ref = Poorest/poorer)

  

Middle

3.2**

[1.5-6.9]

Richer/richest

6.3**

[3.0-13.2]

Place of residence (Ref = Urban)

  

Rural

1.0

[0.6-1.4]

Province (Ref = Nairobi)

  

Central

0.4**

[0.2-0.8]

Coast

0.8

[0.4-1.6]

Eastern

1.0

[0.5-1.8]

North Eastern

0.1*

[0.0-0.7]

Nyanza

1.1

[0.6-1.9]

Rift Valley

1.4

[0.9-2.2]

Western

0.6

[0.3-1.3]

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.