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Table 5 Results of the negative binomial model (considering random effects) with number of consultations as dependent variable

From: Waiting times in the ambulatory sector - the case of chronically Ill patients

 

All

Urban areas

Rural areas

Dependent variable: number of consultations

IRR

Standard errors

IRR

Standard errors

IRR

Standard errors

Need

         

Age 30 to 44

0.966

0.109

 

1.229

0.186

 

0.805

0.140

 

Age 45 to 59

0.877

0.093

 

1.009

0.144

 

0.860

0.143

 

Age 60 to 69

0.815

0.088

*

0.879

0.122

 

0.786

0.137

 

Age 70 to 79

0.786

0.086

**

0.766

0.110

*

0.865

0.154

 

Excellent health

0.997

0.130

 

1.174

0.212

 

0.778

0.150

 

Good health

1.311

0.152

**

1.474

0.243

**

1.092

0.177

 

Poor or very poor health

1.682

0.195

***

1.793

0.296

***

1.461

0.234

**

Hospitalisation in the last 12 months

1.344

0.061

***

1.323

0.085

***

1.398

0.096

***

Socioeconomic factors & Gender

         

Lowest secondary school qualification

1.114

0.068

*

1.091

0.090

 

1.109

0.104

 

Intermediate secondary school qualification

0.990

0.058

 

0.986

0.082

 

0.985

0.083

 

Male

1.007

0.047

 

0.990

0.063

 

0.988

0.071

 

German citizenship

0.921

0.148

 

1.079

0.207

 

0.608

0.186

 

Patient time pressures

         

Employed

0.785

0.046

***

0.683

0.056

***

0.869

0.074

*

Health System

         

Privately insured

1.051

0.089

 

1.106

0.124

 

0.978

0.127

 

GP consultation

0.990

0.049

 

1.039

0.071

 

0.965

0.072

 

Waiting time

1.000

0.001

 

0.998

0.002

 

1.001

0.001

 

Waiting time * privately insured

1.001

0.004

 

0.997

0.006

 

1.006

0.005

 

Driving time to the nearest doctor (in minutes)

1.014

0.014

 

1.025

0.020

 

1.008

0.021

 

Number of doctors per 100 000 population

1.000

0.000

 

1.005

0.005

 

0.995

0.005

 

Spill-over effect for neighbouring regions

0.828

0.105

 

0.780

0.162

 

0.834

0.133

 

Constant

5.815

3.032

**

3.101

1.371

**

14.268

7.945

***

Number of observations

540

  

293

  

247

  

Number of districts

230

  

97

  

133

  

Log likelihood

−1736.7257

  

−942.6152

  

−782.55849

  
  1. * Significant at the 10% level ** Significant at the 5% level *** Significant at the 1% level.
  2. The reference individual is female, German aged 10 to 29 years, in very good health, has highest secondary school qualification, not employed and member of the statutory health insurance and last consulted a specialist.