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Table 1 Distribution of selected baseline and current variables between groups with and without multimorbidity among a cohort of the 1988 Armenian earthquake survivors

From: Short and long term determinants of incident multimorbidity in a cohort of 1988 earthquake survivors in Armenia

 

n

Baseline multi-morbidity (N=124)

Incident multimorbidity

Total (N=721)

No (N=157)

Yes (N=440)

P value

Socioeconomic variables:

      

Current age, mean (SD)

721

64.5 (10.4)

53.6 (10.5)

58.4 (12.1)

0.000

58.4 (12.0)

Current socio-economic status score, mean (SD)

713

12.0 (3.8)

13.3 (4.2)

12.0 (3.9)

0.000

12.3 (4.0)

Gender:

      

   Female, %

721

81.5

62.4

66.4

0.381

68.1

   Male, %

 

18.5

37.6

33.6

 

31.9

Current education:

      

  Secondary/lower, %

721

83.1

61.6

80.0

0.000

69.1

  University/higher, %

 

16.9

38.9

20.0

 

23.6

Current employment:

      

  Employed, %

721

41.1

58.6

41.1

0.000

44.9

  Unemployed, %

 

58.9

41.4

58.9

 

55.1

Current marital status:

      

   Married, %

721

58.9

72.6

72.3

1.000

70.0

  Single/divorced/widowed, %

 

41.1

27.4

27.7

 

30.0

Currently living alone, %

720

9.8

7.0

6.1

0.705

6.9

Current low affordability of healthcare, %

720

61.3

35.7

64.9

0.000

57.9

Living standards during post-earthquake decade:

      

  Very good/good/average, %

717

45.5

67.5

48.3

0.000

52.0

  Poor/very poor, %

 

54.5

32.5

51.7

 

48.0

Baseline living standards:

      

  Good/average, %

716

60.5

72.7

73.1

1.000

70.8

  Poor/very poor, %

 

39.5

27.3

26.9

 

29.2

Health behavioral variables:

      

Current smoking, %

721

5.6

24.2

20.0

0.305

18.4

Current drinking once a week or more, %

716

4.9

16.0

10.3

0.061

10.6

Current binge drinking, %

713

4.9

8.4

7.6

0.728

7.3

Current regular walking (≥3 hours/week), %

716

33.3

45.9

36.0

0.035

37.7

Current uncontrolled use of salt, %

716

22.1

26.1

31.1

0.264

28.5

Baseline smoking, %

721

8.9

24.8

20.2

0.257

19.3

Baseline drinking (perceived), %

721

29.0

23.6

25.5

0.669

25.7

Baseline regular participation in sport, %

716

2.4

9.0

4.3

0.041

5.0

Baseline body mass index, mean (SD)

713

26.2 (4.4)

24.2 (3.9)

25.5 (4.6)

0.002

25.3 (4.5)

Psychosocial variables:

      

Current good social support, %

706

49.2

77.9

54.7

0.000

58.8

Current post-traumatic growth score, mean (SD)

694

9.8 (5.0)

10.3 (5.0)

9.6 (5.2)

0.144

9.8 (5.1)

Current dignity score, mean (SD)

698

70.8 (7.7)

71.6 (6.9)

70.1 (6.9)

0.018

70.6 (7.1)

Current memory score, mean (SD)

719

4.6 (2.2)

5.4 (2.1)

4.7 (2.2)

0.001

4.8 (2.2)

Number of stressful life events, mean (SD)

721

9.4 (2.7)

7.5 (2.6)

8.7 (2.7)

0.000

8.6 (2.7)

Earthquake-caused material loss score, mean (SD)

716

3.0 (1.9)

2.5 (2.0)

2.6 (2.0)

0.589

2.7 (2.0)

Earthquake-related deaths in the family, %

721

10.5

7.6

9.8

0.521

9.4

Earthquake-related injuries, %

721

16.9

7.6

6.6

0.713

8.6

  1. N number of respondents in each group, n number of valid responses, SD Standard deviation. P value two-sided.