| n | Baseline multi-morbidity (N=124) | Incident multimorbidity | Total (N=721) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (N=157) | Yes (N=440) | P value | ||||
Socioeconomic variables: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Current age, mean (SD) | 721 | 64.5 (10.4) | 53.6 (10.5) | 58.4 (12.1) | 0.000 | 58.4 (12.0) |
Current socio-economic status score, mean (SD) | 713 | 12.0 (3.8) | 13.3 (4.2) | 12.0 (3.9) | 0.000 | 12.3 (4.0) |
Gender: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Female, % | 721 | 81.5 | 62.4 | 66.4 | 0.381 | 68.1 |
   Male, % |  | 18.5 | 37.6 | 33.6 |  | 31.9 |
Current education: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Secondary/lower, % | 721 | 83.1 | 61.6 | 80.0 | 0.000 | 69.1 |
  University/higher, % |  | 16.9 | 38.9 | 20.0 |  | 23.6 |
Current employment: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Employed, % | 721 | 41.1 | 58.6 | 41.1 | 0.000 | 44.9 |
  Unemployed, % |  | 58.9 | 41.4 | 58.9 |  | 55.1 |
Current marital status: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Married, % | 721 | 58.9 | 72.6 | 72.3 | 1.000 | 70.0 |
  Single/divorced/widowed, % |  | 41.1 | 27.4 | 27.7 |  | 30.0 |
Currently living alone, % | 720 | 9.8 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 0.705 | 6.9 |
Current low affordability of healthcare, % | 720 | 61.3 | 35.7 | 64.9 | 0.000 | 57.9 |
Living standards during post-earthquake decade: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Very good/good/average, % | 717 | 45.5 | 67.5 | 48.3 | 0.000 | 52.0 |
  Poor/very poor, % |  | 54.5 | 32.5 | 51.7 |  | 48.0 |
Baseline living standards: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Good/average, % | 716 | 60.5 | 72.7 | 73.1 | 1.000 | 70.8 |
  Poor/very poor, % |  | 39.5 | 27.3 | 26.9 |  | 29.2 |
Health behavioral variables: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Current smoking, % | 721 | 5.6 | 24.2 | 20.0 | 0.305 | 18.4 |
Current drinking once a week or more, % | 716 | 4.9 | 16.0 | 10.3 | 0.061 | 10.6 |
Current binge drinking, % | 713 | 4.9 | 8.4 | 7.6 | 0.728 | 7.3 |
Current regular walking (≥3 hours/week), % | 716 | 33.3 | 45.9 | 36.0 | 0.035 | 37.7 |
Current uncontrolled use of salt, % | 716 | 22.1 | 26.1 | 31.1 | 0.264 | 28.5 |
Baseline smoking, % | 721 | 8.9 | 24.8 | 20.2 | 0.257 | 19.3 |
Baseline drinking (perceived), % | 721 | 29.0 | 23.6 | 25.5 | 0.669 | 25.7 |
Baseline regular participation in sport, % | 716 | 2.4 | 9.0 | 4.3 | 0.041 | 5.0 |
Baseline body mass index, mean (SD) | 713 | 26.2 (4.4) | 24.2 (3.9) | 25.5 (4.6) | 0.002 | 25.3 (4.5) |
Psychosocial variables: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Current good social support, % | 706 | 49.2 | 77.9 | 54.7 | 0.000 | 58.8 |
Current post-traumatic growth score, mean (SD) | 694 | 9.8 (5.0) | 10.3 (5.0) | 9.6 (5.2) | 0.144 | 9.8 (5.1) |
Current dignity score, mean (SD) | 698 | 70.8 (7.7) | 71.6 (6.9) | 70.1 (6.9) | 0.018 | 70.6 (7.1) |
Current memory score, mean (SD) | 719 | 4.6 (2.2) | 5.4 (2.1) | 4.7 (2.2) | 0.001 | 4.8 (2.2) |
Number of stressful life events, mean (SD) | 721 | 9.4 (2.7) | 7.5 (2.6) | 8.7 (2.7) | 0.000 | 8.6 (2.7) |
Earthquake-caused material loss score, mean (SD) | 716 | 3.0 (1.9) | 2.5 (2.0) | 2.6 (2.0) | 0.589 | 2.7 (2.0) |
Earthquake-related deaths in the family, % | 721 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 9.8 | 0.521 | 9.4 |
Earthquake-related injuries, % | 721 | 16.9 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 0.713 | 8.6 |