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Table 4 Associations of mental health, behavioral, and school difficulties with socioeconomic factors (N = 1559): odds ratios adjusted for all socioeconomic factors and 95% confidence intervals

From: Socioeconomic inequities patterns of multi-morbidity in early adolescence

 

N

Alcohol use

Tobacco use

Cannabis use

Hard drugs use

Obesity

Depressive symptoms

Suicide attempts

Involvement in violence

Grade repetition

Low school-performance

Boys

778

1.28* 1.03-1.60

0.85 0.61-1.18

1.63* 1.03-2.58

1.54 0.82-2.90

1.56† 1.12-2.18

0.34‡ 0.225-0.47

0.55‡ 0.39-0.78

2.70‡ 1.88-3.87

1.18 0.87-1.60

0.98 0.67-1.44

Age

           

12 or under

603

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

13

373

2.14‡ 1.60-2.86

0.93 0.55-1.57

1.34 0.62-2.93

1.66 0.70-3.95

0.86 0.57-1.30

1.35 0.89-2.05

0.82 0.51-1.33

1.14 0.71-1.83

2.48‡ 1.55-3.97

1.67 0.97-2.87

14 or over

583

3.63‡ 2.80-4.70

2.95‡ 2.00-4.35

4.95‡ 2.74-8.96

2.07 0.97-4.45

0.63 0.43-0.92

1.90‡ 1.33-2.72

1.26 0.85-1.85

1.91‡ 1.29-2.82

5.46‡ 3.65-8.17

2.14‡ 1.34-3.39

Nationality

           

French

1,451

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

European immigrants

54

0.87 0.47-1.61

1.68 0.76-3.68

2.43 0.89-6.62

3.68* 1.20-11.3

0.59 0.21-1.68

1.23 0.58-2.60

1.98 0.94-4.17

1.50 0.65-3.48

1.59 0.78-3.24

0.85 0.32-2.27

Non-European immigrants

54

0.64 0.35-1.22

1.99 0.99-4.01

2.35* 1.00-5.53

4.14† 1.54-11.2

1.17 0.51-2.70

1.01 0.45-2.27

1.47 0.68-3.17

1.62 0.77-3.37

2.51† 1.30-4.85

2.31* 1.11-4.81

Family structure

           

Intact

982

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Divorced/separated parents and reconstructed family

391

1.81‡ 1.40-2.34

3.37‡ 2.33-4.87

2.24† 1.33-3.77

1.94 0.93-4.05

0.83 0.56-1.24

2.07‡ 1.48-2.89

2.27‡ 1.55-3.33

1.80† 1.21-2.65

1.77‡ 1.26-2.50

2.52‡ 1.64-3.87

Single parent and others

186

1.77† 1.24-2.54

2.31‡ 1.39-3.84

3.35‡ 1.78-6.27

3.72† 1.63-8.50

1.03 0.61-1.73

0.96 0.56-1.64

2.07† 1.23-3.46

2.43‡ 1.49-3.94

1.64* 1.04-2.61

2.23† 1.28-3.86

Low parents’ education

759

0.71† 0.56-0.91

0.92 0.63-1.32

1.00 0.60-1.65

1.33 0.66-2.68

1.09 0.76-1.56

1.42* 1.02-1.98

1.16 0.80-1.69

1.08 0.74-1.58

2.15‡ 1.51-3.05

3.32‡ 2.03-5.42

Father’ occupation

           

Managers, professionals, and intermediate professionals

595

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Craftsmen, tradesmen, and firm heads

314

1.20 0.88-1.62

1.64* 1.04-2.59

1.36 0.76-2.43

1.17 0.53-2.57

0.73 0.42-1.25

0.93 0.61-1.43

1.28 0.79-2.08

1.06 0.66-1.69

1.35 0.83-2.20

1.96* 1.00-3.82

Service workers and clerks

144

0.92 0.62-1.39

0.64 0.31-1.36

0.28* 0.08-0.96

0.15 0.02-1.20

1.38 0.76-2.50

0.80 0.44-1.43

1.07 0.56-2.07

0.75 0.39-1.45

1.55 0.86-2.80

1.83 0.81-4.13

Manual workers and other occupations

389

0.97 0.72-1.32

1.14 0.71-1.83

0.53 0.27-1.06

0.45 0.18-1.15

2.17‡ 1.41-3.35

0.79 0.52-1.20

0.98 0.60-1.60

0.64 0.38-1.06

2.20‡ 1.43-3.40

3.05‡ 1.67-5.54

Inactive people

117

0.57* 0.35-0.93

1.13 0.59-2.17

0.65 0.27-1.56

0.36 0.10-1.29

1.60 0.81-3.16

0.52 0.26-1.03

1.00 0.51-1.97

1.48 0.80-2.71

2.71‡ 1.53-4.83

2.56* 1.21-5.42

Insufficient income

276

1.16 0.86-1.55

1.51* 1.02-2.26

1.47 0.85-2.56

2.33* 1.16-4.68

1.16 0.77-1.76

1.90‡ 1.32-2.73

2.04‡ 1.38-3.02

1.84† 1.23-2.76

1.12 0.78-1.62

1.02 0.65-1.59

  1. *p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001.
  2. The 95% confidence intervals are not provided to alleviate the table.
  3. N: number of subjects.
  4. Note: Using stepwise forward procedure retaining only significant factors very little change the adjusted odds ratios.