Table 3 Estimation results of two-part model for health care use from CASEN survey during 1992-2009

Year

1992

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

1994

−0.121 (-14.44) ^***

−0.129 (-7.72) ^***

−0.073 (-7.51) ^***

−0.058 (-6.74) ^***

−0.041 (-4.85) ^***

0.043 (8.63) ^***

1996

−0.342 (-35.42) ^***

−0.086 (-4.30) ^***

−0.135 (-11.68) ^***

0.049 (4.82) ^***

−0.014 (-1.42)

0.015 (2.51) ^**

1998

−0.201 (-23.12) ^***

−0.056 (-3.18) ^***

−0.157 (-15.37) ^***

0.022 (2.50) ^**

0.025 (2.89) ^***

0.054 (10.38) ^***

2000

0.300 (39.95) ^***

−0.031 (-2.14) ^**

0.025 (2.92) ^***

−0.210 (-27.91) ^***

0.100 (13.58) ^***

0.054 (12.51) ^***

2003

0.366 (48.40) ^***

−0.081 (-5.51) ^***

−0.031 (-3.65) ^***

−0.237 (-31.38) ^***

0.108 (14.70) ^***

0.079 (18.20) ^***

2006

0.281 (36.54) ^***

0.368 (24.40) ^***

0.076 (8.67) ^***

0.084 (10.82) ^***

0.072 (9.60) ^***

0.136 (30.66) ^***

2009

−0.140 (-17.04) ^***

0.037 (2.33) ^**

−0.059 (-6.23) ^***

−0.027 (-3.27) ^***

0.009 (1.14)

0.115 (24.06) ^***

Region:

I

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

II

0.037 (2.56) ^***

0.140 (5.06) ^***

−0.022 (-1.37)

0.053 (3.94) ^***

0.063 (4.54) ^***

0.044 (5.35) ^***

III

0.055 (3.80) ^***

0.167 (5.95) ^***

0.054 (3.30) ^***

0.050 (3.48) ^***

0.021 (1.49)

0.042 (5.11) ^***

IV

0.184 (14.16) ^***

0.036 (1.46)

−0.012 (-0.85)

0.027 (2.09) ^**

−0.006 (-0.46)

0.028 (3.78) ^***

V

0.160 (13.80) ^***

0.127 (5.71) ^***

−0.002 (-0.17)

0.015 (1.32)

0.044 (3.98) ^***

0.070 (10.68) ^***

VI

0.043 (3.52) ^***

0.136 (5.70) ^***

0.061 (4.38) ^***

0.042 (3.42) ^***

−0.006 (-0.49)

0.039 (5.60) ^***

VII

0.076 (6.40) ^***

0.073 (3.18) ^***

0.060 (4.45) ^***

0.011 (0.90)

−0.010 (-0.87)

0.013 (1.89) ^*

VIII

0.184 (16.51) ^***

0.111 (5.17) ^***

0.017 (1.36)

0.027 (2.37) ^**

0.026 (2.37) ^**

0.042 (6.71) ^***

IX

0.196 (16.30) ^***

−0.002 (-0.08)

−0.086 (-6.42) ^***

0.037 (3.10) ^***

−0.030 (-2.57) ^***

0.078 (6.71) ^***

X

0.082 (6.88) ^***

−0.054 (-2.35) ^**

−0.091 (-6.80) ^***

0.019 (1.59)

−0.028 (-2.46) ^**

0.046 (6.87) ^***

XI

−0.009 (-0.47)

0.094 (2.69) ^***

−0.067 (-3.26) ^***

0.112 (6.24) ^***

−0.014 (-0.82)

0.063 (6.10) ^***

XII

0.068 (3.62) ^***

0.119 (3.31) ^***

−0.055 (-2.60) ^***

0.076 (4.09) ^***

0.032 (1.76) ^*

0.067 (6.31) ^***

XIII

0.109 (9.94) ^***

0.180 (8.48) ^***

−0.027 (-2.19) ^**

0.064 (5.85) ^***

0.104 (9.84) ^***

0.039 (6.26) ^***

Number_house

−0.026 (-5.95) ^***

0.001 (0.15)

0.089 (17.61) ^***

−0.053 (-11.86) ^***

−0.016 (-3.69) ^***

−0.019 (-7.44) ^***

Gender

0.408 (110.58) ^***

0.069 (9.90) ^***

0.069 (16.98) ^***

0.001 (0.29)

0.021 (6.05) ^***

−0.022 (-10.80) ^***

Age

0.008 (76.58) ^***

0.014 (84.91) ^***

0.009 (87.16) ^***

0.004 (47.02) ^***

0.002 (23.82) ^***

−0.0003 (-6.44) ^***

Married

0.118 (27.34) ^***

0.003 (0.36)

0.065 (14.02) ^***

−0.035 (-8.45) ^***

0.002 (0.53)

−0.030 (-12.76) ^***

Electricity

0.153 (15.52) ^***

0.108 (5.55) ^***

0.030 (2.69) ^***

0.011 (1.12)

0.028 (2.90) ^***

0.038 (6.65) ^***

Water

0.147 (19.73) ^***

0.098 (6.80) ^***

0.034 (4.07) ^***

−0.004 (-0.56)

0.031 (4.35) ^***

0.037 (8.64) ^***

Disposal

−0.088 (-8.23) ^***

−0.095 (-4.64) ^***

−0.025 (-2.14) ^**

−0.032 (-3.05) ^***

−0.018 (-1.75) ^*

−0.020 (-3.26) ^***

Housing:

House

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

Apartment

0.172 (16.68) ^***

0.132 (6.96) ^***

0.017 (1.50)

0.007 (0.77)

0.089 (9.37) ^***

0.019 (3.44) ^***

Tenement

0.155 (4.42) ^***

0.142 (2.15) ^**

−0.043 (-1.12)

0.074 (2.18) ^**

0.058 (1.75) ^*

0.054 (2.78) ^***

Hut/shack

0.136 (13.25) ^***

0.046 (2.37) ^**

0.019 (1.65) ^*

0.004 (0.38)

0.001 (0.09)

0.023 (3.98) ^***

Other

0.102 (1.56)

−0.196 (-1.59)

−0.111 (-1.55)

−0.057 (-0.90)

−0.015 (-0.24)

−0.013 (-0.35)

Room

0.103 (3.28) ^***

0.119 (1.96) ^**

0.138 (3.89) ^***

−0.028 (-0.90)

−0.003 (-0.09)

0.012 (0.67)

House:

Own

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

Rent

0.159 (27.73) ^***

0.080 (7.39) ^***

0.031 (4.90) ^***

0.0001 (0.03)

0.017 (3.21) ^***

0.032 (9.93) ^***

Transfer

0.087 (17.46) ^***

−0.012 (-1.27)

−0.0003 (-0.06)

−0.011 (-2.30) ^**

−0.004 (-0.95)

0.004 (1.42)

Illegal occupation

0.025 (0.93)

0.005 (0.09)

0.008 (0.25)

−0.015 (-0.54)

0.003 (0.10)

0.009 (0.58)

other

0.166 (9.94) ^***

0.041 (1.23)

0.078 (4.07) ^***

−0.028 (-1.68) ^*

0.011 (0.68)

−0.020 (-2.10) ^**

School

−1.188 (-202.99) ^***

−0.520 (-54.59) ^***

−0.662 (-119.36) ^***

0.048 (9.81) ^***

0.055 (11.50) ^***

0.040 (14.26) ^***

Insurance

0.178 (46.03) ^***

0.012 (1.54)

0.008 (1.81) ^*

−0.004 (-1.11)

0.018 (4.73) ^***

−0.010 (-4.45) ^***

Working hours

−0.013 (-145.42) ^***

−0.005 (-27.43) ^***

−0.005 (-48.65) ^***

0.0002 (2.75) ^***

−0.001 (-7.39) ^***

0.001 (10.90) ^***

Ln(income)

0.178 (80.53) ^***

−0.006 (-1.35)

0.023 (9.15) ^***

−0.031 (-13.76) ^***

0.023 (10.74) ^***

−0.022 (-17.03) ^***

AUGE

2.392 (128.90) ^***

0.870 (49.40) ^***

0.509 (49.61) ^***

0.166 (18.38) ^***

0.124 (14.06) ^***

0.071 (13.74) ^***

Payment

Pay

-

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

(base)

Sometimes pay

-

1.788 (115.52) ^***

0.648 (71.84) ^***

0.496 (62.58) ^***

0.339 (43.80) ^***

0.305 (66.99) ^***

Do not pay

-

0.311 (33.78) ^***

0.382 (71.15) ^***

0.028 (5.95) ^***

−0.185 (-40.25) ^***

0.086 (31.94) ^***

Other

-

−0.059 (-3.46) ^***

0.075 (7.59) ^***

−0.076 (-8.78) ^***

−0.103 (-12.09) ^***

0.045 (9.03) ^***

No health care

-

−1.024 (-24.18) ^***

−0.260 (-10.56) ^***

−0.321 (-14.77) ^***

−0.376 (-17.77) ^***

−0.067 (-5.37) ^***

Constant

- 2.292

1.315

0.409

0.775

0.124

0.215

Pseudo R²/ R²

0.081

0.064

0.080

0.027

0.022

0.016

Observations

1,554,227

581,048

581,048

581,048

581,048

581,048